Geographical variations in the fatty acids of Zanthoxylum seed oils: A chemometric classification based on the random forest algorithm

Hou, Lixiu; Liu, Yulin; Wei, Anzhi

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.03.070

Cited by 36 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The most common fatty acid components in the Zanthoxylum pericarp samples were palmitic acid (C16:0, 39.89 mg/g for ZA, 43.25 mg/g for ZB1, 34.41 mg/g for ZB2, and 35.28 mg/g for other species), palmitoleic acid (C16:1, 90.98 mg/g for ZA, 32.93 mg/g for ZB1, 8.87 mg/g for ZB2, and 17.85 mg/g for other species), oleic acid (C18:1n9, 21.81 mg/g for ZA, 52.59 mg/g for ZB1, 36.16 mg/g for ZB2, and 43.29 mg/g for other species), linoleic acid (C18:2, 39.37 mg/g for ZA, 56.99 mg/g for ZB1, 32.86 mg/g for ZB2, and 49.08 mg/g for other species), and linolenic acid (C18:3, 95.64 mg/g for ZA, 75.59 mg/g for ZB1, 66.23 mg/g for ZB2, and 70.05 mg/g for other species). Similar results were also observed in Zanthoxylum seeds [ 29 ]. It was worth noting that the presence of C16:1 was higher in ZA pericarps, indicating that ZA pericarps were the potential exploit source of C16:1.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Z. bungeanum and some other species are botanically related and are often confused due to their similar morphological characteristics; the pericarp colors of these species are red when the fruit is ripe and marketed. However, greater variations in internal quality were found in samples from different plantations, including different acid amide components of pericarps [ 8 ], fatty acid of seeds [ 29 ], and fatty acid composition of pericarps in this study. Three chemometric methods (CHM, PCA, and DA) showed that the separate distribution of ZA species was distinct, and the distributions of ZB1, ZB2, and other species overlapped, indicating that distinguishing between ZB1, ZB2, and others was difficult due to the similarity in fatty acid compositions between these pericarps.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Fatty Acid Profiling and Chemometric Analyses for Zanthoxylum Pericarps from Different Geographic Origin and Genotype

Tian

Wang

et al. 2020

Foods

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Zanthoxylum plants, important aromatic plants, have attracted considerable attention in the food, pharmacological, and industrial fields because of their potential health benefits, and they are easily accessible because of the wild distribution in most parts of China. The chemical components vary with inter and intraspecific variations, ontogenic variations, and climate and soil conditions in compositions and contents. To classify the relationships between different Zanthoxylum species and to determine the key factors that influence geographical variations in the main components of the plant, the fatty acid composition and content of 72 pericarp samples from 12 cultivation regions were measured and evaluated. Four fatty acids, palmitic acid (21.33–125.03 mg/g), oleic acid (10.66–181.37 mg/g), linoleic acid (21.98–305.32 mg/g), and linolenic acid (0.06–218.84 mg/g), were the most common fatty acid components in the Zanthoxylum pericarps. Fatty acid profiling of Zanthoxylum pericarps was significantly affected by Zanthoxylum species and geographical variations. Stearic acid and oleic acid in pericarps were typical fatty acids that distinguished Zanthoxylum species based on the result of discriminant analysis (DA). Palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, trans-13-oleic acid, and linoleic acid were important differential indicators in distinguishing given Zanthoxylum pericarps based on the result of orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). In different Zanthoxylum species, the geographical influence on fatty acid variations was diverse. This study provides information on how to classify the Zanthoxylum species based on pericarp fatty acid compositions and determines the key fatty acids used to classify the Zanthoxylum species.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Fatty Acid Profiling and Chemometric Analyses for Zanthoxylum Pericarps from Different Geographic Origin and Genotype

Tian

Wang

et al. 2020

Foods

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“…To analyze Zanthoxylum seed oils, Houet al built a random forest classification model that differentiated between the two main species (Z. bungeanum and Z. armatum) with 100% accuracy from cross-validation. Even simplifying the model to only the most important chemical features, the cross-validated model still maintained 100% accuracy (102). Random forests also have the ability to be a predictive machine learning tool, and provide correlative predictions between dependent variables and the associated independent chemical dataset (103).…”

Section: Random Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemometric-Guided Approaches for Profiling and Authenticating Botanical Materials

Abraham

Kellogg

2021

Front. Nutr.

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Botanical supplements with broad traditional and medicinal uses represent an area of growing importance for American health management; 25% of U.S. adults use dietary supplements daily and collectively spent over $9. 5 billion in 2019 in herbal and botanical supplements alone. To understand how natural products benefit human health and determine potential safety concerns, careful in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies are required. However, botanicals are innately complex systems, with complicated compositions that defy many standard analytical approaches and fluctuate based upon a plethora of factors, including genetics, growth conditions, and harvesting/processing procedures. Robust studies rely upon accurate identification of the plant material, and botanicals' increasing economic and health importance demand reproducible sourcing, as well as assessment of contamination or adulteration. These quality control needs for botanical products remain a significant problem plaguing researchers in academia as well as the supplement industry, thus posing a risk to consumers and possibly rendering clinical data irreproducible and/or irrelevant. Chemometric approaches that analyze the small molecule composition of materials provide a reliable and high-throughput avenue for botanical authentication. This review emphasizes the need for consistent material and provides insight into the roles of various modern chemometric analyses in evaluating and authenticating botanicals, focusing on advanced methodologies, including targeted and untargeted metabolite analysis, as well as the role of multivariate statistical modeling and machine learning in phytochemical characterization. Furthermore, we will discuss how chemometric approaches can be integrated with orthogonal techniques to provide a more robust approach to authentication, and provide directions for future research.

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“…Prickly ash (Zanthoxylum) comprises approximately 250 known species of perennial trees and shrubs [1], and the trees of these species are distributed across a wide range of regions due to their high resistance to adverse climate and soil conditions and huge economic gains [2]. Because of the difference in tree species, climate, soil conditions, and management measures, prickly ash pericarps vary in morphology and active constituents resulting in differences in quality, price, and therapeutic efficacy [3][4][5]. The common species which are widely cultivated and utilized in China are Z. bungeanum Maxim.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile Oil Profile of Prickly Ash (Zanthoxylum) Pericarps from Different Locations in China

Tian

Chen

et al. 2021

Foods

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Volatile oils of prickly ash (Zanthoxylum) pericarps have various potential biological functions with considerable relevance to food, pharmacological, and industrial applications. The volatile profile of oils extracted from prickly ash pericarps obtained from 72 plantations in China was determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Several chemometric analyses were used to better understand the volatile oil profile differences among different pericarps and to determine the key factors that affected geographical variations in the main volatile constituents of oils. A total of 47 constituents were detected with D-limonene, alfa-myrcene, and linalool as the most abundant. The volatile profile of pericarp oils was significantly affected by prickly ash species and some environmental factors, and the key factors that affected volatile profile variations for different prickly ash species were diverse. Chemometric analyses based on the volatile oil profile could properly distinguish Z. armatum pericarps from other pericarps. This study provides comprehensive information on the volatile oil profile of pericarps from different prickly ash species and different plantations, and it can be beneficial to a system for evaluating of pericarp quality. Moreover, this study speculates on the key environmental factors that cause volatile oil variations for each species, and can help to obtain better prickly ash pericarp volatile oils by improving the cultivated environments.

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Geographical variations in the fatty acids of Zanthoxylum seed oils: A chemometric classification based on the random forest algorithm

Cited by 36 publications

References 33 publications

Fatty Acid Profiling and Chemometric Analyses for Zanthoxylum Pericarps from Different Geographic Origin and Genotype

Fatty Acid Profiling and Chemometric Analyses for Zanthoxylum Pericarps from Different Geographic Origin and Genotype

Chemometric-Guided Approaches for Profiling and Authenticating Botanical Materials

Volatile Oil Profile of Prickly Ash (Zanthoxylum) Pericarps from Different Locations in China

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