Geographical structure in nineteenth-century urban retailing: Milwaukee, 1836–1890

Introduction to Historical GIS and the Study of Urban History

“…A number of reasons may be identified for this. First, urban history has a long tradition of acknowledging geographic features, as exemplified by the work on Milwaukee produced by Kathleen Conzen (1976) and Michael Conzen and Kathleen Conzen (1979); Michael Katz's (1975) study of Hamilton, Canada; John Kellogg's (1982) study of segregation in Lexington, Kentucky; Sherry Olson's (1989) study of Montreal; and the Philadelphia Social History Project (see Hershberg 1976Hershberg , 1981. Urban studies also tend to offer the historian a rich variety of spatially referenced sources, such as maps, addresses, street names, electoral lists, gazetteers, and tract-level data.…”

The Atlas of Ethnic Diversity in Wisconsin

“…"Ethnic Milwaukee" gives full color to Kathleen and Michael Conzen's classic maps (Conzen 1976;Conzen and Conzen 1979). "Impacts on Wisconsin's Environment" includes a map showing the paths of wind-borne radioactive debris from nuclear tests over the Nevada desert in the 1950S, each of which passed over some part of the state.…”

Social Science History Association

“…There have been only a few studies that examine the origins or evolution of early retailing, especially from a historical-geographic perspective. One exception is a study by Michael Conzen and Kathleen N. Conzen (1979) that mapped the location of stores in Milwaukee in the nineteenth century, showing that a complex retail structure existed earlier than previous scholars had suggested. In Milwaukee, decentralization of retail activities had already begun by the nineteenth century.…”