Geographical inequalities and determinants of stunting among under-five children in Ethiopia, 2016 EDHS, General Estimating Equation Model

Demlie, Yeshambel Worku; Yenit, Melaku Kindie; Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-25820/v1

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The output from global autocorrelation analysis shows signi cant clustering of childhood stunting in Ethiopia. This nding is in line with studies conducted in the same area using the previous version of the EDHS data set [16][17][18].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Spatial distribution and determinants of childhood stunting among under-five children in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2019 Ethiopian demographic and health survey

Yehualashet

Seboka

Aschalew

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Childhood stunting is a major challenge to the growth and development of nations by affecting millions of children across the world. Although Ethiopia has made steady progress in reducing stunting, the prevalence of stunting is still one of the highest in the world. This study aims to investigate the spatial variation and factors associated with childhood stunting in Ethiopia.Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis of the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS). A total of 4,971 children aged 0–59 months were included in the analysis. The Getis-Ord statistics tool has been used to identify areas with high and low hotspots of stunting. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with stunting.Results: The prevalence of stunting was found to be 36.86% in Ethiopian under-five children. Statistically significant hotspots of stunting were found in northern parts of Ethiopia. Both individual and community-level factors determined the odds childhood stunting among under-five children. Children in the age group between 24–35 months were more likely to be stunted than children whose age was less than one year [AOR = 3.74; 95 % CI: (3.04–4.59)]. Children with mothers who had completed higher education had lower odds of being stunted compared to children whose mothers had no formal education [AOR = 0.55; 95%CI: (0.38–0.82)]. Children from the poorest wealth quintile had higher odds of being stunted compared to children from the richest wealth quintiles [AOR = 2; 95 % CI: (1.46–2.73)]. Children living in Tigray (AOR =3.64; 95 % CI: 2.17–6.11), Afar (AOR 2.02; 95 % CI 1.19-3.39), Amhara (AOR =2.29; 95 % CI: 1.37–3.86), Benishangul Gumz (AOR=1.87; 95% CI: 1.10-3.17) and Harari (AOR=1.95; 95% CI: 1.17-3.25) regions were more likely to be stunted compared to children living in Addis Ababa.Conclusion: This study showed that both individual and community-level factors were significant predictors of childhood stunting. Improving maternal education, improving the economic status of households, improving age-specific child feeding practice, and providing additional resources to regions with high hotspots of childhood stunting are recommended.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Spatial distribution and determinants of childhood stunting among under-five children in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2019 Ethiopian demographic and health survey

Yehualashet

Seboka

Aschalew

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…According to a finding from EDHS 2016, 9.8% of children were wasted 23. The recent findings also showed that high statistically significant hot spots of wasting were found in the northern parts of the country 24 25…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Determinants of wasting among children aged 6–59 months in North-East Ethiopia: a community-based case-control study

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveChildhood acute malnutrition, in the form of wasting defined by Weight-for-Height Z-Scores, is a major public health concern. It is one of the main reasons for the death of children in developing countries like Ethiopia. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess determinants of wasting among children aged 6–59 months in Meket district, North Wollo zone, North-East Ethiopia.SettingThe study was conducted among communities in Meket district, North Wollo zone, North-East Ethiopia.ParticipantsA total of 327 (109 cases and 218 controls) children aged 6–59 months participated in the study. Children from 6 months to 59 months of age who match the definition of case/wasted/ and control/not wasted were eligible for the study. However, children who had physical deformities which make anthropometric measurements inconvenient were excluded from the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe main outcome measure was wasting.ResultThe mean ages of the cases and controls were 21.77±11.41 months and 20.13±11.39 months, respectively. Factors that were significantly associated with wasting were: maternal decision making on the use of household money (adjusted odd ratio (AOR)=3.04, 95% CI 1.08 to 7.83), complementary feeding started in a month (AOR=3.02, 95% CI 1.097 to 6.97), food diversity score (AOR=2.64, 95% CI 1.64 to 5.23), frequency of complementary feeding (AOR=6.68, 95% CI 3.6 to 11.25) and history of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) 2 weeks preceding the survey (AOR=3.21, 95% CI 1.07 to 7.86).ConclusionOur result implies that the right time to introduce complementary foods, the frequency of feeding and also the amount of food consumed were some of the crucial factors that needed to be changed in child nutrition to reduce wasting. Furthermore, within the framework of our study, the empowerment of women in the decision-making process and the prevention of ARI should be seen as a necessary benchmark for acute malnutrition.

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Mapping stunted children in Ethiopia using two decades of data between 2000 and 2019. A geospatial analysis through the Bayesian approach

Atalell,

Techane,

Terefe

et al. 2023

J Health Popul Nutr

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Background Childhood stunting is a major public health problem globally, resulting in poor cognition and educational performance, low adult wages, low productivity, and an increased risk of nutrition-related chronic diseases in adulthood life. Accurate and reliable data on the prevalence of stunting over time with a sub-national estimate are scarce in Ethiopia. Objective Our objective was to investigate the spatiotemporal distributions and ecological level drivers of stunting among under-five children over time in Ethiopia. Methods A geospatial analysis using the Bayesian framework was employed to map the spatial variations of stunting among children aged less than five years. The data for the primary outcome were obtained from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (2000–2019) and covariates data were accessed from different publicly available credible sources. The spatial binomial regression model was fitted to identify drivers of child stunting using the Bayesian approach. Result The national prevalence of stunting was 47.9 in 2000, 43.3 in 2005, 37.3 in 2011, 36.6 in 2016, and 35.9 in 2019, with a total reduction rate of 25%. Substantial spatial clustering of stunting was observed in the Northern (Tigray), Northcentral (Amhara), and Northwestern (Amhara) parts of Ethiopia. Temperature (mean regression coefficient (β): −0.19; 95% credible interval (95% CrI): −0.25, −0.12) and population density (β: −0.012; 95% CrI: −0.016, −0.009) were negatively associated with stunting, whereas travel time to the nearest cities (β: 0.12; 95% CrI: 0.064, 0.17) was positively associated with child stunting in Ethiopia. Conclusion The prevalence of stunting varied substantially at subnational and local levels over time. Clustering of stunted children were observed in the Northern parts of Ethiopia. Temperature, population density and travel time to the nearest cities were identified as the drivers of stunting in children. Improving community awareness of child nutrition through community health extension programs should be strengthened.

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Geographical inequalities and determinants of stunting among under-five children in Ethiopia, 2016 EDHS, General Estimating Equation Model

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Spatial distribution and determinants of childhood stunting among under-five children in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2019 Ethiopian demographic and health survey

Spatial distribution and determinants of childhood stunting among under-five children in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2019 Ethiopian demographic and health survey

Determinants of wasting among children aged 6–59 months in North-East Ethiopia: a community-based case-control study

Mapping stunted children in Ethiopia using two decades of data between 2000 and 2019. A geospatial analysis through the Bayesian approach

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