Geographical imbalances and divides in the scientific production of climate change knowledge

Pasgaard, Maya; Dalsgaard, Bo; Maruyama, Pietro Kiyoshi; Sandel, Brody; Strange, Niels

doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.09.018

Cited by 59 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Contrary to prior research Mcleod et al 2015;Pasgaard et al 2015), the study found that knowledge on local impacts, vulnerability and adaptation in smallholder farming systems in the two cases are generated within the country. Furthermore, while knowledge co-production on the CSA discourse at the global level is led by research centres and scientific partners of the CGAIR (Steenwerth et al 2014), the cases find that national and local experts are key to knowledge production and exchange, facilitated closely by civil society organisations.…”

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confidence: 90%

Climate-smart agriculture in practice: insights from smallholder farmers, Timor-Leste and the Philippines, Southeast Asia

Chandra¹

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The climate challenges confronting agriculture are multiple, interconnected and multi-scaled.Agriculture is a source of increasing greenhouse gas emissions, but it is also vulnerable to climate change impacts. Adopting resilient approaches in the agricultural industry can help to contribute to both climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation. Climate-smart agriculture has emerged as a solution to address the multiple challenges of climate change and food security by sustainably increasing productivity, enhancing resilience and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. To date, there is limited scholarly evidence on what constitutes climate-smart agriculture, and how it is framed globally and practiced by smallholder farming communities. This research helps to bridge this gap by analysing the international discourse around climate-smart agriculture, and providing local empirical evidence derived from smallholder farming communities in the Philippines and TimorLeste.At the broad level, this research aims to identify how climate-smart agriculture within communitybased adaptation programs is contributing to the integration of mitigation and adaptation responses to climate change. Drawing from political ecology and climate change (adaptation and mitigation sciences) theories, the research explains how socio-institutional factors -inequality, unequal power relations and social injustice -influence climate-smart agriculture. The theoretical arguments are illustrated with empirical case studies of smallholder farmers and civil society organisations in the two case studies. Using mixed qualitative methods and descriptive analysis of over 150 semistructured interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation, the research examines climate-smart agriculture practices across three broad categories: vulnerability of smallholder farmers (socioeconomic factors), synergistic relationships (adaptation, mitigation and food security) and governance (socio-institutional determinants).This research argues that mitigation and adaptation interventions are climate-smart for smallholder farmers when they directly address local climate risks, support a combination of adaptation, food security and livelihood strategies, and empower at-risk and marginalised populations. Results indicate that climate-smart agriculture in the Philippines and Timor-Leste are characterised and influenced by multiple socio-institutional factors. The increasing burden of loss and damage as a result of extreme climate events subject women to migration, increased discrimination, loss of customary rights to land, resource poverty and food insecurity. In terms of farming practices implemented by smallholder farmers, most adaptation actions were found to have corresponding positive mitigation, food security and livelihood co-benefits. At the community level, climate-smart interventions are highly locationspecific, technically rigorous, involve knowledge-intensive processes, and are influenced by the finance and capacities of local farming com...

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confidence: 90%

Climate-smart agriculture in practice: insights from smallholder farmers, Timor-Leste and the Philippines, Southeast Asia

Chandra¹

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“…But studying trends in the scientific literature, when combined with other lines of evidence, can help document gaps in knowledge and research priorities [104]. Of course, this approach needs to be complemented with the actual reading and pondering of the retrieved publications, as shown by an assessment of research intensity and its perception by experts on ecosystem services in mountain regions [105].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientometrics of Forest Health and Tree Diseases: An Overview

Pautasso

2016

Forests

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Abstract:Maintaining forest health is a worldwide challenge due to emerging tree diseases, shifts in climate conditions and other global change stressors. Research on forest health is thus accumulating rapidly, but there has been little use of scientometric approaches in forest pathology and dendrology. Scientometrics is the quantitative study of trends in the scientific literature. As with all tools, scientometrics needs to be used carefully (e.g., by checking findings in multiple databases) and its results must be interpreted with caution. In this overview, we provide some examples of studies of patterns in the scientific literature related to forest health and tree pathogens. Whilst research on ash dieback has increased rapidly over the last years, papers mentioning the Waldsterben have become rare in the literature. As with human health and diseases, but in contrast to plant health and diseases, there are consistently more publications mentioning "tree health" than "tree disease," possibly a consequence of the often holistic nature of forest pathology. Scientometric tools can help balance research attention towards understudied emerging risks to forest trees, as well as identify temporal trends in public interest in forests and their health.

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“…Second, a strong body of STS literature has comprehensively refuted a Bblack boxî magery of the IPCC that implies it neatly demarcates between value-free science and politics (Bjurström and Polk 2011b;Mach et al 2017;Pasgaard et al 2015). Rather, it has been shown that in functioning simultaneously as a scientific and an intergovernmental body, the IPCC is a boundary or hybrid organization whose constructions of climate change are shaped by both scientific and political interests (Beck 2011;Hughes 2015;Siebenhüner 2002;;Skodvin 2000).…”

Section: Procedural Justice and The Ipccmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Critical IPCC scholarship from science and technology studies (STS), political science, geography and sociology highlight among other issues, geographical imbalance of authors in favour of developed countries (Bjurström and Polk 2011a;Pasgaard et al 2015), the dominance of elitist epistemology and positivist framing (Hulme and Mahony 2010;Obermeister 2017), gender imbalance of authors (Corbera et al 2016), problems with the rules of procedure over consensus, uncertainty, and the use of grey literature (Yohe and Oppenheimer 2011;Mach et al 2017), the marginalization of indigenous knowledge (Ford et al 2012(Ford et al , 2016, and the superior role of Western institutions and networks in the IPCC assessment reports (Corbera et al 2016). These issues and several of the above-cited literature raise salient questions about the procedural fairness of the IPCC process, especially in the context of North-South climate justice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These have included notable efforts to increase the representation of authors from developing countries, balancing the constitution of Coordinating Lead Authors, expanding the work on adaptation, and widening the remit of the chapters to deal with equity and sustainable development (Najam et al 2003;Siebenhüner 2002;Vardy et al 2017). Despite notable progress, however, there remains a strong feeling among developing countries and critical scholarship that the IPCC process and knowledge are skewed in favour of the North and that more can be done to enhance the involvement and contribution of developing countries (Pasgaard et al 2015). Some scholars have gone further by calling for the IPCC to be radically reformed or even disbanded (Brown and Havstad 2017;Devès et al 2017;Hulme et al 2010;Stocker et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A six-component model for assessing procedural fairness in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

Okereke

2017

Climatic Change

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This article provides an analysis of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) focusing on procedural justice. I demonstrate how, to what end, and with what effects questions of justice and procedural fairness matter in the IPCC work. Then, with the aim to advance crtical research, policy and practice on this important subject, I draw on scholarship from social psychology and legal procedures along with socio-political literature on the IPCC, to develop a six-component framework for evaluating procedural fairness in the IPCC. These include the following: (1) formal rules about representation and participation; (2) formal rules about governance and management structure; (3) formal rules relating to decision-making processes; (4) formal rules on fair treatment of authors; (5) informal quality of decision-making rules by authorities; and (6) informal quality of the interactional environment. Systematic assessment is required to validate the six-component procedural justice model and to reveal existing strengths of, and areas for improvements for, the IPCC procedure.

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Geographical imbalances and divides in the scientific production of climate change knowledge

Cited by 59 publications

References 35 publications

Climate-smart agriculture in practice: insights from smallholder farmers, Timor-Leste and the Philippines, Southeast Asia

Climate-smart agriculture in practice: insights from smallholder farmers, Timor-Leste and the Philippines, Southeast Asia

Scientometrics of Forest Health and Tree Diseases: An Overview

A six-component model for assessing procedural fairness in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

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