Geographical diversification of growth–defense strategies in an invasive plant

Pan, Xuebiao; Jia, Xin; Fu, Dongjing; Li, Bo

doi:10.1111/j.1759-6831.2012.00239.x

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…hygrophila because low SSL stems experience much more herbivory from A . hygrophila [ 39 ]. The lower SSL is indicative of reduced resistance to specific herbivory in introduced A .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Specialist Insect Herbivore and Light Availability Do Not Interact in the Evolution of an Invasive Plant

et al. 2015

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Release from specialist insect herbivores may allow invasive plants to evolve traits associated with decreased resistance and increased competitive ability. Given that there may be genetic trade-off between resistance and tolerance, invasive plants could also become more tolerant to herbivores. Although it is widely acknowledged that light availability affects tolerance to herbivores, little information is available for whether the effect of light availability on tolerance differ between the introduced and native populations. We conducted a common garden experiment in the introduced range of Alternanthera philoxeroides using ten invasive US and ten native Argentinean populations at two levels of light availability and in the presence or absence of a specialist stem-boring insect Agasicles hygrophila. Plant biomass (total and storage root biomass), two allocation traits (root/shoot ratio and branch intensity, branches biomass/main stem biomass) and two functional traits (specific stem length and specific leaf area), which are potentially associated with herbivore resistance and light capture, were measured. Overall, we found that A. philoxeroides from introduced ranges had comparable biomass and tolerance to specialist herbivores, lower branch intensity, lower specific stem length and specific leaf area. Moreover, introduced populations displayed higher shade tolerance of storage root biomass and lower plastic response to shading in specific stem length. Finally, light availability had no significant effect on evolution of tolerance to specialist herbivores of A. philoxeroides. Our results suggest that post-introduction evolution might have occurred in A. philoxeroides. While light availability did not influence the evolution of tolerance to specialist herbivores, increased shade tolerance and release from specialist insects might have contributed to the successful invasion of A. philoxeroides.

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“…hygrophila because low SSL stems experience much more herbivory from A . hygrophila [ 39 ]. The lower SSL is indicative of reduced resistance to specific herbivory in introduced A .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…philoxeroides had significantly reduced their resistance to A . hygrophila [ 39 ], maintained tolerance to A . hygrophila will probably decreased the impact of biological control on introduced populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specialist Insect Herbivore and Light Availability Do Not Interact in the Evolution of an Invasive Plant

et al. 2015

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“…Although it is likely that most insects will be generalists, it is not impossible that there may be one or more specialists among them that have adapted to S. vulgaris , since S. vulgaris has a long invasive history and more than 60 congeneric species have been identified in China ( Chen, 1999 ). Since there are significant variations between populations, a good revisiting study on the EICA hypothesis and SDH needs enough populations for a robust statistical analysis, and it is also important to describe and cluster invasive populations by analysis of their genetic structure in the different ranges; otherwise it remains difficult to determine whether the differences between native and invasive populations are the result of evolution or of pre-adaption ( Pan et al, 2013 ; Turner, Hufbauer & Rieseberg, 2014 ; Siemann et al, 2016 ; Schrieber et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid variation in Senecio vulgaris populations from native and invasive ranges

Cheng

Nguyen

Ndihokubwayo

et al. 2017

PeerJ

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Biological invasion is regarded as one of the greatest environmental problems facilitated by globalization. Some hypotheses about the invasive mechanisms of alien invasive plants consider the plant–herbivore interaction and the role of plant defense in this interaction. For example, the “Shift Defense Hypothesis” (SDH) argues that introduced plants evolve higher levels of qualitative defense chemicals and decreased levels of quantitative defense, as they are released of the selective pressures from specialist herbivores but still face attack from generalists. Common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris), originating from Europe, is a cosmopolitan invasive plant in temperate regions. As in other Senecio species, S. vulgaris contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) as characteristic qualitative defense compounds. In this study, S. vulgaris plants originating from native and invasive ranges (Europe and China, respectively) were grown under identical conditions and harvested upon flowering. PA composition and concentration in shoot and root samples were determined using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We investigated the differences between native and invasive S. vulgaris populations with regard to quantitative and qualitative variation of PAs. We identified 20 PAs, among which senecionine, senecionine N-oxide, integerrimine N-oxide and seneciphylline N-oxide were dominant in the roots. In the shoots, in addition to the 4 PAs dominant in roots, retrorsine N-oxide, spartioidine N-oxide and 2 non-identified PAs were also prevalent. The roots possessed a lower PA diversity but a higher total PA concentration than the shoots. Most individual PAs as well as the total PA concentration were strongly positively correlated between the roots and shoots. Both native and invasive S. vulgaris populations shared the pattern described above. However, there was a slight trend indicating lower PA diversity and lower total PA concentration in invasive S. vulgaris populations than native populations, which is not consistent with the prediction of SDH.

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“…This leads to annual variation in the timing of A. hygrophila activity in more northern A. philoxeroides populations and contributes to the observed variability in control in those regions (Harms and Cronin 2020). Additionally, the two A. philoxeroides biotypes (BSA and NSA) in the United States appear to differ in their susceptibility to herbivory by A. hygrophila (Kay and Haller 1982;Pan et al 2013) and they respond differently to some herbicides (Kay 1992). To what extent observed variability in control may be due to presence of these different genotypes or others has not been well studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High genetic diversity in the clonal aquatic weedAlternanthera philoxeroidesin the United States

Williams

Harms

Knight

et al. 2020

Invasive plant sci. manag.

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The distribution of genetic diversity in invasive plant populations can have important management implications. Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.) was introduced into the United States around 1900 and has since spread throughout much of the southern U.S. and California. A successful biological control program was initiated in the late 1960s which reduced alligator weed in the southern U.S., although control has varied geographically. The degree to which variation among genotypes may be responsible for variation in control efficacy has not been well studied due to a lack of genetic data. We sampled 373 plants from 90 sites across the U.S. and genotyped all samples at three chloroplast regions to help inform future management efforts. Consistent with clonal spread, there was high differentiation between sites, yet we found six haplotypes and high haplotype diversity (mean h = 0.48) across states, suggesting this plant has been introduced multiple times. Two of the haplotypes correspond to previously described biotypes that differ in their susceptibility to herbicides and herbivory. The geographic distribution of the three common haplotypes varied by latitude and longitude while the other haplotypes were widespread or localized to one or a few sites. All the haplotypes we screened are hexaploid (6n = 102) which may enhance biological control. Future studies can use these genetic data to determine if genotypes differ in their invasiveness or respond differently to control measures. Some states for instance, have mainly a single haplotype and so may respond more uniformly to a single control strategy compared to other states which may require a variety of control strategies. These data will also provide the basis for identifying the source regions in South America, which may lead to the discovery of new biological control agents more closely matched to particular genotypes.

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Geographical diversification of growth–defense strategies in an invasive plant

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Specialist Insect Herbivore and Light Availability Do Not Interact in the Evolution of an Invasive Plant

Specialist Insect Herbivore and Light Availability Do Not Interact in the Evolution of an Invasive Plant

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid variation in Senecio vulgaris populations from native and invasive ranges

High genetic diversity in the clonal aquatic weedAlternanthera philoxeroidesin the United States

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