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Baum S., Bill A. and Mitchell W. F. Employability and labour under-utilization in non-metropolitan labour markets, Regional Studies. This paper addresses labour under-utilization and considers the factors that are associated with under-utilization risk of individuals embedded in diverse non-metropolitan labour market regions. Taking survey and census data for Australian non-metropolitan regions, this paper applies a broad employability framework that presents the risk of under-utilization as a function of individual characteristics, personal circumstances, and labour market characteristics. The analysis finds that under-utilization is associated with individual characteristics and circumstances plus local labour market conditions. The findings indicate that policy designed to address labour under-utilization needs to focus on the outcomes of a multilevel framework in order to be effective. [image omitted] Baum S., Bill A. et Mitchell W. F. L'employabilite et le sous-emploi sur les marches du travail non-metropolitains, Regional Studies. Cet article cherche a aborder la question du sous-emploi et a considerer les facteurs qui expliquent le risque de sous-emploi des individus et qui sont anregstd dans divers marches du travail regionaux non-metropolitains. A partir des donnees provenant des enquetes et des recensements de la population pour les regions non-metropolitaines australiennes, cet article applique un cadre general de l'employabilite qui presente le risque de sous-emploi en fonction des caracteristiques individuelles, des circonstances personnelles et des conditions du marche du travail. Il en resulte de l'analyse que le sous-emploi se rapporte aux caracteristiques et aux circonstances individuelles conjointement avec les conditions du marche du travail. Les resultats laissent voir qu'une politique elaboree pour aborder le sous-emploi devrait focaliser les resultats d'un cadre a plusieurs niveaux afin d'etre efficace. Sous-emploi Marches du tavail regionaux Employabilite Baum S., Bill A. und Mitchell W. F. Beschaftigungsfahigkeit und mangelnde Auslastung von Arbeitskraften in nicht metropolitanen Arbeitsmarkten, Regional Studies. In diesem Beitrag wird die mangelnde Auslastung von Arbeitskraften untersucht, und es werden die Faktoren analysiert, die mit dem Risiko einer mangelnden Auslastung von Einzelpersonen verknupft sind, die in diversen, nicht metropolitanen Arbeitsmarktregionen eingebettet sind. Anhand von Umfrage- und Volkszahlungsdaten fur nicht metropolitane Regionen in Australien wenden wir einen breiten Rahmen der Beschaftigungsfahigkeit an, mit dem das Risiko einer mangelnden Auslastung als Funktion von individuellen Merkmalen, personlichen Umstanden und Merkmalen des Arbeitsmarktes dargestellt wird. Aus der Analyse geht hervor, dass eine mangelnde Auslastung mit personlichen Merkmalen und Umstanden sowie mit den Bedingungen des lokalen Arbeitsmarktes verknupft ist. Die Ergebnisse lassen darauf schliessen, dass eine Politik zur Bekampfung der mangelnden Auslastung von Arbeitskraften auf die Erg...
Baum S., Bill A. and Mitchell W. F. Employability and labour under-utilization in non-metropolitan labour markets, Regional Studies. This paper addresses labour under-utilization and considers the factors that are associated with under-utilization risk of individuals embedded in diverse non-metropolitan labour market regions. Taking survey and census data for Australian non-metropolitan regions, this paper applies a broad employability framework that presents the risk of under-utilization as a function of individual characteristics, personal circumstances, and labour market characteristics. The analysis finds that under-utilization is associated with individual characteristics and circumstances plus local labour market conditions. The findings indicate that policy designed to address labour under-utilization needs to focus on the outcomes of a multilevel framework in order to be effective. [image omitted] Baum S., Bill A. et Mitchell W. F. L'employabilite et le sous-emploi sur les marches du travail non-metropolitains, Regional Studies. Cet article cherche a aborder la question du sous-emploi et a considerer les facteurs qui expliquent le risque de sous-emploi des individus et qui sont anregstd dans divers marches du travail regionaux non-metropolitains. A partir des donnees provenant des enquetes et des recensements de la population pour les regions non-metropolitaines australiennes, cet article applique un cadre general de l'employabilite qui presente le risque de sous-emploi en fonction des caracteristiques individuelles, des circonstances personnelles et des conditions du marche du travail. Il en resulte de l'analyse que le sous-emploi se rapporte aux caracteristiques et aux circonstances individuelles conjointement avec les conditions du marche du travail. Les resultats laissent voir qu'une politique elaboree pour aborder le sous-emploi devrait focaliser les resultats d'un cadre a plusieurs niveaux afin d'etre efficace. Sous-emploi Marches du tavail regionaux Employabilite Baum S., Bill A. und Mitchell W. F. Beschaftigungsfahigkeit und mangelnde Auslastung von Arbeitskraften in nicht metropolitanen Arbeitsmarkten, Regional Studies. In diesem Beitrag wird die mangelnde Auslastung von Arbeitskraften untersucht, und es werden die Faktoren analysiert, die mit dem Risiko einer mangelnden Auslastung von Einzelpersonen verknupft sind, die in diversen, nicht metropolitanen Arbeitsmarktregionen eingebettet sind. Anhand von Umfrage- und Volkszahlungsdaten fur nicht metropolitane Regionen in Australien wenden wir einen breiten Rahmen der Beschaftigungsfahigkeit an, mit dem das Risiko einer mangelnden Auslastung als Funktion von individuellen Merkmalen, personlichen Umstanden und Merkmalen des Arbeitsmarktes dargestellt wird. Aus der Analyse geht hervor, dass eine mangelnde Auslastung mit personlichen Merkmalen und Umstanden sowie mit den Bedingungen des lokalen Arbeitsmarktes verknupft ist. Die Ergebnisse lassen darauf schliessen, dass eine Politik zur Bekampfung der mangelnden Auslastung von Arbeitskraften auf die Erg...
Studies of the relationship between spatial patterns of chronic illnesses (CI) and unemployment rate (UR) characteristics were not well documented. However, when analyzing the data that were collected on geographic areas, the spatial effects were seldom considered. This study addresses this concern by applying the mapping and spatial analysis techniques in studying how UR pattern is related to the CI pattern in Iraq. The aim is to assess the existence of spatial pattern in CI across geographical areas, and find whether this pattern was influenced by the pattern of socioeconomic indicators such as UR. The study design was cross-sectional census data obtained in 2007. Governorates were used as the respective units of the analysis. Two statistics of spatial autocorrelation based on sharing boundary neighbours known as global and local Moran measures were used to investigate the global and local clustering respectively. To investigate the bivariate spatial relationship between CI and UR, Wartenberg’s (1985) measure was used. It was found that UR varied significantly across different governorates, while CI didn’t. Significant local clusters in UR, in northern and southern parts of the country were found, while no significant local clusters were found in CI. No significant spatial association was found between CI and UR based on bivariate spatial correlation coefficient.
Although many studies examined the existence of spatial pattern of unemployment in some developing and many developed countries in improving the prosperity or social status and reducing the inequalities in unemployment between areas of such country, there is still much work to be done. Some of these studies were found spatial pattern for unemployment using different statistical techniques and geographical mapping. Question is raised whether the spatial pattern of unemployment is existed in Iraq? The objective is to investigate the spatial structure of unemployment rate (UR) across different governorates to provide implications for policy makers, investigating the hot spots of UR, and showing visual picture for UR. The study utilized a cross-sectional census data for 18 governorates collected in 2007. Mapping was used as a first step to conduct visual inspection for UR using quartiles. Two statistics of spatial autocorrelation, based on sharing boundary neighbours, known as global and local Moran's I, were carried out for examining the global clustering and local clusters respectively. Based on visual inspection of mapping, the global clustering was found in UR and it was confirmed by the significant statistic found by global Moran’s I . Out of 18, seven governorates: 3, 4, 5, 12, 15, 16, and 17 were found as local clusters in UR based on local Moran's I. In conclusion, the UR varied across different governorates with black spots in northern and southern parts of the country.
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