Geographical distribution and phylogenetic analysis of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato in northern and central Chile

Díaz, Fabián E.; Martínez-Valdebenito, Constanza; López, Javier; Weitzel, Thomas; Abarca, Katia

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.03.004

Cited by 16 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In some cases, the clustered geographical distribution of hemoplasma, mainly in regions with warmer climates 69–72 , has been related to the role of an arthropod vector (mostly ticks) as one of the main transmission modes 29 . In our study, the widespread distribution of hemoplasma-positive animals in different seasons (cold and warm) and across study areas, including regions with marked differences in bioclimatic characteristics, and the higher prevalence of hemoplasma infected guignas in the rainy temperate bioclimatic area where ticks potentially associated to hemoplasma transmission are absent 73,74 , refute the idea that ticks are the main hemoplasma vectors. In this study, higher hemoplasma prevalence in pristine areas was not associated with higher tick or fly infestation rates in host species from these areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 42%

Assessing cross-species transmission of hemoplasmas at the wild-domestic felid interface in Chile using genetic and landscape variables analysis

Sacristán

Acuña

Aguilar

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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The co-occurrence of domestic cats (Felis silvestris catus) and wild felids in rural landscapes can facilitate pathogen transmission. However, in the relatively-isolated regions of southern South America there have been no comprehensive studies to assess disease transmission risks between domestic cats and forest-dwelling wild felids such as guigna (Leopardus guigna). We evaluated hemoplasma infection and the possibility of transmission between domestic cats and guignas by comparing spatial and phylogenetic patterns of pathogen prevalence. Blood/spleen samples were collected from 102 wild guignas and 262 co-occurring rural domestic cats across the entire distribution range of guigna in Chile. Hemoplasma infection was assessed by direct sequencing of the 16S RNA gene. Infection with hemoplasmas was common and geographically widespread across different bioclimatic areas for both species. The most common feline Mycoplasma species in guigna and domestic cats were Candidatus M. haemominutum (CMhm) (15.7% guigna; 10.3% domestic cat) and Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf) (9.8% guigna, 6.1% domestic cat). A previously undescribed Mycoplasma sp. sequence was found in two guignas and one cat. Continuous forest-landscapes were associated with higher hemoplasma-prevalence in guignas. Shared hemoplasma nucleotide sequence types between guigna and domestic cats were rare, suggesting that cross-species transmission between guignas and domestic cats may occur, but is probably uncommon. Ectoparasites, which have been linked with hemoplasma transmission, were not found on guignas and were infrequent on domestic cats. Our results suggest that transmission pathways vary among hemoplasma species and, contrary to our predictions, domestic cats did not appear to be the main driver of hemoplasma infection in guignas in these human-dominated landscapes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 42%

Assessing cross-species transmission of hemoplasmas at the wild-domestic felid interface in Chile using genetic and landscape variables analysis

Sacristán

Acuña

Aguilar

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…However, the Indian haplotype was also present in the northern lineage (i.e., the tropical lineage), along with one clade comprising the ticks of India and Pakistan, which was predicted to form a separate species. Hence, the second clade formed with Taiwan ticks may be the same independent clade that was previously described 25 , or the clade consisting of ticks from the temperate region, since similar coexistence in close vicinity has been reported for both lineages in Chile 26 . In contrast to a previous study 27 indicating the absence of these two lineages from the same location, the presence of both the temperate and tropical lineages of ticks was also detected in San Diego, USA 28 .…”

Section: Combining Morphological and Molecular-based Identificationsupporting

confidence: 64%

Molecular Characterisation using 16S rRNA and COI Gene Sequences in Hard Ticks of Gwalior, India

Ghosh¹,

Tikar²,

Gupta³

et al. 2020

Def. Life. Sc. Jl.

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Tick infestation in humans and animals represents a global threat for different tick-borne diseases. In the present study, the ticks from the Gwalior region of India have been mapped to create a database of tick diversity. We explored 773 ticks collected from domestic animals and vegetation in Gwalior. Animals were screened visually, and ticks were collected manually, whereas the flag-drag method was used to collect ticks from the vegetation. The 16S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) genes of tick samples were amplified and purified for sequencing and respective phylogenetic trees were constructed. The ticks were morphologically identified using taxonomical keys, revealing the presence of five genera in the region: Hyalomma, Haemaphysalis, Rhipicephalus, Boophilus, and Nosomma. Hyalomma spp. (Hy. annatolicum and Hy. marginatum) were the most abundant accounting for 69.598% of the total sample, followed by Rhipicephalus sanguineus (17.335%), Rhipicephalus microplus (7.115%), Haemaphysalis sp. (5.692%), and Nosomma monstrotum (0.258%). The tick sequences were submitted to the GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the morphological identification at the species level. The combination of molecular and morphological analyses of the ticks supported the result obtained with each method, thus providing more reliable estimates for continued surveillance studies.

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“…[65,66]). The absence of E. canis, a bacterium that was reported in northern Chile [11], is not surprising considering that only the tropical lineage of R. sanguineus is able to transmit E. canis [67], and that in central Chile (where our study was conducted), only the temperate lineage has been previously reported [12]. Accordingly, the seroprevalence of 69% using and A. phagocytophilum-based IFI commercial kit registered in dogs from Santiago [15] probably corresponded to A. platys, due to the serologic cross-reaction among species within the family Anaplasmaceae [68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Anaplasma platys was detected in six of 30 sick dogs analyzed in Santiago de Chile [10] but few studies have been conducted since then. The rst molecular detection of Ehrlichia canis occurred in a dog from the northernmost part of the country [11] where the infection was believed to be con ned, coinciding with the tropical lineage of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato [12]. DNA of Rickettsia spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine vector-borne pathogens in rural dogs in Chile: molecular survey and co-infection patterns

Cevidanes¹,

Cataldo²,

Martín³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Canine vector-borne pathogens (CVBP) comprise a relevant and globally distributed group of disease agents. The aim of this study is to determine de co-occurrence of the most relevant CVBP of veterinary and zoonotic interest, in free-ranging, owned, rural dogs of central Chile, and to evaluate risk factors and potential non-apparent hematological alterations associated to pathogen co-infection by two or more agents.Methods: Nine groups of canine vector-borne pathogens (CVBP) were molecularly investigated in 111 free-ranging, owned rural dogs in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. Results: At least one pathogen was detected in 75% of the dogs. The most prevalent agent was Anaplasma platys (36%), followed by Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum (CMhp; 31%), Mycoplasma haemocanis (Mhc; 28%), Trypanosoma cruzi (17%), Leishmania spp. (4.5%) and Acanthocheilonema reconditum (1%). DNA of Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp., Piroplasmida and Hepatozoon spp. was not detected. Thirty-eight dogs (34%) were coinfected, either by two (n=20), three (n=7), or four agents (n=1). The most common co-infection pattern was CMhp – Mhc (n=14). CMhp was involved in 71%, Mhc in 58%, and A. platys in 50% of the co-infections. Prevalence of A. platys was higher in juvenile than in adult dogs, whereas the opposite was found for CMhp and Mhc. Adult dogs had five times more probabilities of being coinfected than young animals. Dogs positive for A. platys were infested by a larger number of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks than uninfected individuals. At clinical evaluation, most of the animals were considered healthy, with only eight dogs (7%) presenting pale mucous membranes. Co-infected animals showed higher white blood cell count, segmented neutrophil count and GGT levels than non-co-infected dogs. Conclusions: Widespread occurrence of and co-infection by CVBP was found in rural free-ranging dogs of central Chile. This study represents the first report of Leishmania spp. in Chile. Clinically healthy but infected dogs as those studied here may act as reservoirs of CVBP, potentially contributing to the spread of these pathogens to other tick-exposed dogs as well as human beings or wild carnivores.

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Geographical distribution and phylogenetic analysis of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato in northern and central Chile

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

Assessing cross-species transmission of hemoplasmas at the wild-domestic felid interface in Chile using genetic and landscape variables analysis

Assessing cross-species transmission of hemoplasmas at the wild-domestic felid interface in Chile using genetic and landscape variables analysis

Molecular Characterisation using 16S rRNA and COI Gene Sequences in Hard Ticks of Gwalior, India

Canine vector-borne pathogens in rural dogs in Chile: molecular survey and co-infection patterns

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