Geographical differences in osteoporosis, obesity, and sarcopenia related traits in white American cohorts

Zhou, Yu; Wu, Kai-Kai; Shen, Hui; Zhang, Jigang; Deng, Hong‐Wen; Zhao, Lan‐Juan

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-48734-9

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Grip strength of both hands was measured in duplicate by a hand-held dynamometer (TEC Inc., Clifton, NJ) with the maximum value recorded in kilograms. In this study, obesity-related traits were assessed by BMI, body weight, whole body fat mass, and % fat mass; sarcopenia-related traits were assessed by whole body lean mass, skeletal muscle index (SMI), and grip strength [8,32].…”

Section: Body Composition Anthropometrics and Grip Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Self-reported exercise frequency was categorized into three levels: exercising 3 or more times per week, exercising 1 to 2 times per week, and self-reported no regular exercise. The physical activity measures have been used in several published scientifical articles [8,34]. According to the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans 2nd edition [10], participating in physical activity at least 3 days per week is associated with significant health benefits and even participating in smaller amount of physical activity (e.g., 1 to 2 times a week) is associated with health benefits compared to no physical activity [35,36].…”

Section: Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the ageing process, changes in body composition such as a progressive decline in muscle mass and strength and increase in adiposity, are observed starting as early as 30's [1][2][3][4]. These changes predispose individuals to an increased risk of obesity, sarcopenia (loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength and physical performance), and sarcopenic obesity, which are related to a variety of cardiometabolic conditions, frailty, disability, and decreased quality of life [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of physical activity with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in middle-aged and older adults: the Louisiana osteoporosis study

Yin

et al. 2022

BMC Public Health

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Background This study examined the associations between physical activity, obesity, and sarcopenia in middle-aged and older adults. Methods We analyzed the data of 8, 919 study participants aged between 45 to 97 (mean age = 57.2 ± 8.8) from a Southern state in the United States. Self-reported physical activity was classified to regular exercise ≥ 3 times/week, < 3 times/week, and no regular exercise. Associations between physical activity, obesity and sarcopenia were explored with generalized linear models and ordinal logistic regressions stratified by age (middle-aged and older adults) and gender adjusting for covariates. Results In middle-aged and older adults, all examined obesity related traits (e.g., body mass index, waist circumference) were inversely associated with physical activity levels (p < 0.01) in both genders. Exercising ≥ 3 times/week was negatively associated with lean mass indicators (e.g., appendicular lean mass) in middle-aged and older females (p < 0.01), while the negative associations become positive after adjusting for weight. Positive associations between physical activity and grip strength were only found in middle-aged males (p < 0.05). Ordinal logistic regression revealed that those exercising ≥ 3 times/week were less likely to have obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenia obesity in all groups (p < 0.01), except for sarcopenia in older males and females (p > 0.05). Positive associations of exercising < 3 times/week with sarcopenia and sarcopenia obesity were only found in middled adults. Conclusion The associations of exercise frequency with obesity and sarcopenia vary considerably across gender and age groups. Exercise programs need to be individualized to optimize health benefits. Future research exploring physical activity strategies to balance weight reduction and lean mass maintaining is warranted in middle-aged and especially older adults.

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Section: Body Composition Anthropometrics and Grip Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physical Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of physical activity with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in middle-aged and older adults: the Louisiana osteoporosis study

Yin

et al. 2022

BMC Public Health

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“…For instance, osteoporosis and obesity are known to be linked, and eight genetic variants at the TBX15 gene were associated with both body mass and estimated BMD. (41) It has been suggested that genes associated with morphological phenotypes, such as bone structure, evolve more slowly than those associated with physiological phenotypes, such as bone turnover markers. (42) The implication of these complex relationships is that the regression weight associated with a variant may be different across diseases and environmental factors, but this possibility is not captured by a phenotype-specific PRS.…”

Section: Caveatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post‐GWAS Polygenic Risk Score: Utility and Challenges

Nguyen

Eisman

2020

JBMR Plus

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Over the past decade, through genome-wide association studies, more than 300 genetic variants have been identified to be associated with either BMD or fracture risk. These genetic variants are common in the general population, but they exert small to modest effects on BMD, suggesting that the utility of any single variant is limited. However, a combination of effect sizes from multiple variants in the form of the polygenic risk score (PRS) can provide a useful indicator of fracture risk beyond that obtained by conventional clinical risk factors. In this perspective, we review the progress of genetics of osteoporosis and approaches for creating PRSs, their uses, and caveats. Recent studies support the idea that the PRS, when integrated into existing fracture prediction models, can help clinicians and patients alike to better assess the fracture risk for an individual, and raise the possibility of precision risk assessment.

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“…Obesity has become a major public health concern, and recent studies describe regional heterogeneity [6,7]. In obesity-related research, the term "obesogenic environment" describes environmental influences such as green space or fast food restaurants on the development of obesity [8,9], which has been investigated intensively in the past [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A spatial obesity risk score for describing the obesogenic environment using kernel density estimation: development and parameter variation

Präger

Kurz²,

Holle

et al. 2023

BMC Med Res Methodol

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Background Overweight and obesity are severe public health problems worldwide. Obesity can lead to chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Environmental factors may affect lifestyle aspects and are therefore expected to influence people’s weight status. To assess environmental risks, several methods have been tested using geographic information systems. Freely available data from online geocoding services such as OpenStreetMap (OSM) can be used to determine the spatial distribution of these obesogenic factors. The aim of our study was to develop and test a spatial obesity risk score (SORS) based on data from OSM and using kernel density estimation (KDE). Methods Obesity-related factors were downloaded from OSM for two municipalities in Bavaria, Germany. We visualized obesogenic and protective risk factors on maps and tested the spatial heterogeneity via Ripley’s K function. Subsequently, we developed the SORS based on positive and negative KDE surfaces. Risk score values were estimated at 50 random spatial data points. We examined the bandwidth, edge correction, weighting, interpolation method, and numbers of grid points. To account for uncertainty, a spatial bootstrap (1000 samples) was integrated, which was used to evaluate the parameter selection via the ANOVA F statistic. Results We found significantly clustered patterns of the obesogenic and protective environmental factors according to Ripley’s K function. Separate density maps enabled ex ante visualization of the positive and negative density layers. Furthermore, visual inspection of the final risk score values made it possible to identify overall high- and low-risk areas within our two study areas. Parameter choice for the bandwidth and the edge correction had the highest impact on the SORS results. Discussion The SORS made it possible to visualize risk patterns across our study areas. Our score and parameter testing approach has been proven to be geographically scalable and can be applied to other geographic areas and in other contexts. Parameter choice played a major role in the score results and therefore needs careful consideration in future applications.

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Geographical differences in osteoporosis, obesity, and sarcopenia related traits in white American cohorts

Cited by 7 publications

References 45 publications

Associations of physical activity with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in middle-aged and older adults: the Louisiana osteoporosis study

Associations of physical activity with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in middle-aged and older adults: the Louisiana osteoporosis study

Post‐GWAS Polygenic Risk Score: Utility and Challenges

A spatial obesity risk score for describing the obesogenic environment using kernel density estimation: development and parameter variation

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