Geographical and temporal variations in the prevalence of mental disorders in suicide: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Cho, Seo‐Eun; Na, Kyoung-Sae; Cho, Seong‐Jin; Im, Jeong-Soo; Kang, Seung-Gul

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.008

Cited by 93 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…The well-known review of Fleischmann et al [4] reported that 88.6% of the suicide victims suffered from a mental disorder, where mood disorders were the most frequent diagnosis (42.1%), followed very closely by substance use disorder (SUD) [4]. Similar rates of mental illnesses among individuals who successfully committed suicide have been recently reported [5, 6]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Brain Gene Expression Pattern of Subjects with Completed Suicide and Comorbid Substance Use Disorder

et al. 2018

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Background/Aim: Although individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) are at high risk of committing suicide, most studies of postmortem gene expression exclude subjects with SUD due to the potential confounding effect of drugs in the transcriptome. Thus, little is known about the gene expression profile in suicides with SUD. The identification of altered biological processes in suicides with SUD is crucial in the comprehension of the interaction between both pathologies. Methods: We evaluated the gene expression profile in the dorsolateral prefrontal area of suicides and nonsuicides with and without SUD by microarrays. Results: We identified 222 differentially expressed genes, predominately enriched in cell proliferation in the comparison between suicides with and without SUD. When comparing the transcriptome of suicides with SUD to nonsuicides with SUD, we identified 550 differentially expressed genes, mainly enriched in oxidative phosphorylation. Differentially expressed genes (1,417) between suicides and nonsuicides without SUD were detected. Most of them were related to mitochondrial function. Conclusion: Interaction between suicide and SUD seems to influence the expression of genes involved in glial proliferation and glutamatergic neurotransmission. These results highlight, for the first time, that suicides with SUD have a gene expression profile distinct from that of subjects with only one of these disorders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Brain Gene Expression Pattern of Subjects with Completed Suicide and Comorbid Substance Use Disorder

et al. 2018

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“…Indeed, as reflected in media depictions (2), in the public opinion suicide is largely associated with mental illness; however, average estimates of psychiatric disorders among suicide victims vary from 69.9 to 88.2% in North America and 90.4% in South Asia (3), with a substantial proportion of suicidal cases lacking any association with mental disorders, including subthreshold conditions (4). Although the situation has changed somewhat in recent years, stigmatizing attitudes toward suicide still persist, implying a series of relevant consequences for survivors and their families.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Reciprocal Relationship between Suicidality and Stigma

2017

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IntroductionAlthough suicidality is frequently the cause of stigma, it is conversely true that stigma may be the cause of suicidality. The present paper focuses on the complex relationships that exist between suicidal behavior and stigmatizing attitudes.MethodsA narrative review of the topic will be presented on the basis of the relevant literature collected from an electronic search of PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Scopus databases, using stigma, public stigma, structural stigma, perceived stigma, self-stigma, suicide, attempted suicide, and suicidality as key words.ResultsA negative perception is frequently held of suicidal people, labeling them as weak and unable to cope with their problems, or selfish. Individuals who have attempted suicide are subject to similar processes of stigmatization and “social distancing”; insurance policies include an exclusion clause against death by suicide. Subjects with a direct personal experience of depression or suicide strongly endorse a feeling of self-stigma; those who have attempted suicide are often ashamed and embarrassed by their behavior and tend to hide the occurrence as much as possible. Similar processes are observed among family members of subjects who have committed suicide or made a suicide attempt, with a higher perceived stigma present in those bereaved by suicide. Perceived or internalized stigma produced by mental or physical disorders, or through belonging to a minority group, may represent a significant risk factor for suicide, being severely distressing, reducing self-esteem and acting as a barrier in help-seeking behaviors.ConclusionWith the aim of preventing suicide, greater efforts should be made to combat the persisting stigmatizing attitudes displayed toward mental disorders and suicide itself. Indeed, the role of stigma as a risk factor for suicide should further motivate and spur more concerted efforts to combat public stigma and support those suffering from perceived or internalized stigma. Experts and scientific societies should form an alliance with the media in an effort to promote a marked change in the societal perception of mental health issues and suicide. As stigma may result in severe consequences, specialist care and psychological interventions should be provided to populations submitted to stigma.

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“…Unemployed persons are common among suicides in Japan-59.6% in 2014 [3]-and it appears that their participation rate in life insurance may be lower than that of the general population. Shirouzu reported that the suicide mortality ratio is lower among insured people than among the general population [22]; in contrast, however, Choi et al reported that the suicide rate is positively correlated with life insurance premium per capita in OECD countries [23]. Several previous studies show that the suicide mortality ratio of Japanese people with life insurance contracts worth at least 50 million yen (about 450,000 US dollars) is higher than that of people without such contracts [20] [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide for the Purpose of Gaining Insurance Payouts in Japan

Kodama¹,

Fujimoto²,

Tamura³

et al. 2017

JSS

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Purpose: Studies on suicide for the purpose of gaining insurance payouts are rare globally; analyses of this phenomenon can help us understand it better and achieve more individualized care and support. Method: We used suicide data for the period from 2007 to 2015 from the "Summary Document Concerned with Suicide" released by the Japanese National Police Agency. We organized data on suicide committed to gain insurance payouts according to sex, age group, and year. We compared the sex ratio between these cases and the total cases of suicide using the Mann-Whitney U-test. We looked for correlations between this reason for suicide and other causes and factors in males. Results: Most people who committed suicide for the purpose of gaining insurance payouts were found to be in the 40s to 60s age group. The mean (SD) sex ratio (male/female) of these cases was 10.67 (2.36), significantly higher than the sex ratio for the total cases of suicide (2.31 (0.12)) (p < 0.001). The causes and factors that significantly correlated with suicide for insurance money from suicide were bankruptcy, business slump, multiple debts, debt because of consigner, other debts, and stress from debt collection. Conclusion: Males are at a greater risk for suicide for the purpose of gaining insurance payouts in Japan, and among them especially those in their 40s to 60s. The cause appears to be associated with debt. To develop more effective prevention measures for this kind of suicide, further studies are required.

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Geographical and temporal variations in the prevalence of mental disorders in suicide: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 93 publications

References 77 publications

Brain Gene Expression Pattern of Subjects with Completed Suicide and Comorbid Substance Use Disorder

Brain Gene Expression Pattern of Subjects with Completed Suicide and Comorbid Substance Use Disorder

The Reciprocal Relationship between Suicidality and Stigma

Suicide for the Purpose of Gaining Insurance Payouts in Japan

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