Geographical and seasonal variation in iodine content of cow’s milk in the UK and consequences for the consumer´s supply

Coneyworth, Lisa; Coulthard, Lauren C.H.A.; Bailey, Elizabeth H.; Young, Scott D.; Stubberfield, Jonathan; Parsons, Louise; Saunders, Neil F. W.; Watson, E.C.; Homer, Elizabeth; Welham, Simon

doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126453

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In this context Hejtmankova et al (2006) observed that milk iodine concentration in winter was between 147 μg/kg and 605 μg/kg compared to that in the summer season ranging from 35 μg/kg to 484 μg/kg. This effect of the season was observed also by other authors (Schone and Rajendram 2009;van der Reijden et al 2017;Coneyworth et al 2020). The ef- (Flachowsky et al 2014).…”

Section: Farm Management and Animal Keepingsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…This fact might point to another important source of iodine, dairy milk and dairy products (van der Reijden et al 2019), which already cover a substantial portion of adults' dietary iodine requirements in countries like USA (Abt et al 2018), United Kingdom (Coneyworth et al 2020), Ireland (O'Kane et al 2018 and Norway (Troan et al 2015). Milk and milk products as a significant source of iodine in human nutrition are discussed in another part of the review.…”

Section: Iodine Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Untitled

2022

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

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The aim of the review was to provide information about the importance of iodine in human nutrition and to review milk as an important source of iodine, and also to summarize the main factors affecting iodine concentration in milk. Iodine is an essential element for the thyroid gland function and synthesis of thyroid hormones, which regulate key processes of metabolism, brain development and growth. Therefore, it is important to ensure adequate, neither deficient nor excessive, intake of this element in animal nutrition, but more importantly in the nutrition of humans. Milk and dairy products are very valuable sources of iodine. However, its concentration in milk is very variable, as it is affected by many different factors -iodine intake in feed, antinutritional factors, iodine species (forms) used for feeding, animal keeping, farm management and possibly also milk yield. Additionally, milk iodine concentration is also affected by teat dipping with iodine disinfection, and by milk processing (e.g. skimming and heat treatment). All these aforementioned factors may possibly play its role in improving the human nutrition, especially the nutrition of pregnant, lactating women, and people on low-salt diet who are the most vulnerable to insufficient iodine intake.

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Section: Farm Management and Animal Keepingsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Iodine Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2022

Czech J. Anim. Sci.

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“…UK milk iodine concentration, however, can vary with season (e.g. milk has a higher iodine concentration in winter than in summer as a result of varying farming practice) (11,13) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Iodine status of consumers of milk-alternative drinks v. cows’ milk: data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey

2020

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Milk is the main source of iodine in the United Kingdom (UK), however, the consumption and popularity of plant-based milk-alternative drinks is increasing. Consumers may be at risk of iodine deficiency as, unless fortified, milk alternatives have a low iodine concentration. We therefore aimed to compare the iodine intake and status of milk-alternative consumers to that of cows’-milk consumers. We used data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey from Years 7-9 (2014-2017; before a few manufacturers fortified their milk-alternative drinks with iodine). Data from four-day food diaries were used to identify consumers of milk-alternative drinks and cows’ milk, along with the estimation of their iodine intake (µg/day) (available for n=3976 adults and children ≥ 1.5 years). Iodine status was based on urinary iodine concentration (UIC, µg/L) from spot-urine samples (available for n=2845 adults and children ≥ 4 years). Milk-alternative drinks were consumed by 4.6% (n=185; n=88 consumed these drinks exclusively). Iodine intake was significantly lower in exclusive consumers of milk-alternatives than cows’-milk consumers (94 vs 129 µg/day; P<0.001). Exclusive consumers of milk-alternatives also had a lower median-UIC than cows’-milk consumers (79 vs 132 µg/L; P<0.001) and were classified as iodine-deficient by the WHO criterion (median-UIC < 100 µg/L) whereas cows’-milk consumers were iodine-sufficient. These data show that consumers of unfortified milk-alternative drinks are at risk of iodine deficiency. As a greater number of people consume milk-alternative drinks, it is important that these products are fortified appropriately to provide a similar iodine content to that of cows’ milk.

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“…Os resultados aqui obtidos são importantes ao considerar que o efeito foi semelhante ao de produtos convencionais, considerando que esses apresentam alguns inconvenientes na sua utilização, como indução de resistência aos biocidas (Fitzpatrick,et al, 2016 ), e a presença de resíduos no leite, sendo veiculados para bezerros ( Van der Reijden, et al, 2018),e para humanos (Ahvanooei, et al, 2021;Ahvanooei, et al, 2020;Coneyworth, et al, 2020;Van der Reijden, et al, 2019), conforme pesquisas que relatam presença de iodo.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Óleo essencial de Lippia origanoides (Verbenaceae) na higienização de tetos de vacas leiteiras

Almeida

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et al. 2021

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O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia de um novo produto elaborado a base de óleo essencial de alecrim pimenta sob a redução da contagem de microrganismos presentes na pele de tetos de vacas leiteiras. Para o teste in vivo, avaliou-se a eficácia do novo produto sob a antissepsia de negativos para mastite clínica (192 tetos), em comparação ao tratamento que continha produtos comerciais (192 tetos), durante um período de 42 dias. Os tetos foram diariamente acompanhados clinicamente, havendo semanalmente avaliação da microbiota presente na pele dos mesmos quanto à redução na contagem de Staphylococcus aureus, Estafilococos coagulase negativo (ECN), Echerichia coli e aeróbios mesófilos. Os dois produtos mantiveram a integridade dos tetos, sendo observado ausência de mastite clínica durante o período experimental. Não observou-se diferença significativa na ocorrência de mastite subclínica e de microrganismos nos tetos dos dois grupos em estudo pelo teste de Fisher em nível de significância de 5%. Ao comparar a redução Log da contagem em UFC.mL-1 dos microrganismos para o grupo tratado com produto convencional e com produto experimental para aeróbios mesófilos, E. coli, S. aureus e Estafilococos coagulase negativa, obtidos com o processo de higienização dos tetos foi observada diferença estatística(p>0,05), na contagem de microrganismos, evidenciando que ambos apresentaram efeito semelhante ao controle de microrganismos presentes na pele dos tetos. Sendo assim, o novo produto contendo óleo essencial de alecrim pimenta apresentou eficácia semelhante ao produto convencional clorexidine e iodo para antissepsia dos tetos de vacas leiteiras sem promover reações locais na pele, podendo este vir a ser utilizado como produto alternativo no manejo de ordenha.

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Geographical and seasonal variation in iodine content of cow’s milk in the UK and consequences for the consumer´s supply

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

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Iodine status of consumers of milk-alternative drinks v. cows’ milk: data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey

Óleo essencial de Lippia origanoides (Verbenaceae) na higienização de tetos de vacas leiteiras

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