Geographic Variations in the Early Diffusion of Corporate Voluntary Standards: Comparing ISO 14001 and the Global Compact

Perkins, Richard; Neumayer, Eric

doi:10.1068/a4249

Cited by 112 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Existing spatially disaggregated, large-N evidence for these dynamics is restricted to private environmental standards (Albuquerque et al 2007;Perkins and Neumayer 2010;Prakash and Potoski 2006). Our estimations extend these results, strongly indicating that trading-up also operates in the case of public environmental standards, too.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…3 A large number of studies have shown that exports to, and inward investment from, countries which have a higher number of adopters of a particular code, e.g. ISO14001, increases the domestic adoption of the same code (Albuquerque et al 2007;Corbett and Kirsch 2001;Neumayer and Perkins 2004;Perkins and Neumayer 2010;Prakash and Potoski 2007 4 This demand for regulatory tightening was fuelled by growing public and political concern in Germany about the effects of 'acid rain' (Hagner 2000). Yet, government support for more stringent EU-wide standards was considerably strengthened by the fact that German vehicle manufacturers were major exporters to the higher-regulating US market, and therefore already producing vehicles capable of complying with more stringent standards (Boehmer-Christiansen and Weidner 1995;Vogel 1997).…”

Section: Previous Studies and Their Shortcomingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does the ‘California effect’ operate across borders? Trading- and investing-up in automobile emission standards

Perkins¹,

Neumayer²

2012

Journal of European Public Policy

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Original citation:Perkins, Richard and Neumayer, Eric (2012) Does the 'California effect' operate across borders? trading-and investing-up AbstractAccording to one line of argument, economic integration may lead to the ratcheting upwards of regulatory standards towards levels found in higher-regulating jurisdictions, a phenomenon referred to as the 'California effect'. Yet, at least in the case of public environmental policies, comparatively little systematic empirical work has been undertaken to examine whether international trade and investment with more stringently regulated countries leads to higher domestic environmental standards in lower-regulating economies. Our contribution seeks to fill this gap using a newly-constructed dataset measuring the stringency of domestic automobile emission standards. We find robust support for a trading-up effect in a sample of up to 147 developing countries: greater automobile and related components exports to countries with more stringent automobile emission standards are associated with more stringent domestic emission standards. Investing-up dynamics are also apparent, in that we find higher inward FDI in the automotive sector is associated with more stringent domestic automobile emission standards in host developing economies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Previous Studies and Their Shortcomingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the ‘California effect’ operate across borders? Trading- and investing-up in automobile emission standards

Perkins¹,

Neumayer²

2012

Journal of European Public Policy

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“…In the following, this distinction will be maintained although it should be noted that internal and external factors are likely to interact (Perkins and Neumayer, 2010).…”

Section: Drivers Of Standards Adoptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EMAS and ISO 14001 in the German industry – complements or substitutes?

Neugebauer¹

2012

Journal of Cleaner Production

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Both standards are comparatively successful in the German automotive and engineering industry which makes Germany an interesting place for researching their relationship. Two research questions are addressed in this study. First, (i) what explains why companies adopt both EMAS and ISO 14001?In the interviews that were conducted, this was addressed by asking what motivated the adoption of EMAS and ISO 14001, respectively, and how the two decisions were related at the firm. The second research question is which of two hypotheses can be confirmed:(ii) EMAS and ISO 14001 are complementary, i.e . implementation of one makes implementation of the other more likely (complementarity hypothesis).(iii) EMAS and ISO 14001 are substitutes, i.e. companies find one more compelling than the other and do not have an incentive to implement both (substitution hypothesis).It is found that the two standards are adopted for completely different reasons: while ISO 14001 is often done in response to external pressure, EMAS tends to be motivated internally.Further, it appears that EMAS and ISO 14001 are likely in a situation of direct competition at present which may well turn into complementarity in the future. The following Section is to Section 5 discusses them and shows the contribution of this study. Commission which manages it in cooperation with the competent bodies at the national level.Thus, EMAS is an instrument of public institutions whereas ISO 14001 certification is sold by private accreditation providers. Second, EMAS' requirements go beyond those of ISO 14001. (DIHK, 2010; ISO, 2005 ISO, , 2008. If the standards act as complements however, as suggested in hypothesis (ii), the two adoption curves should run more or less parallel. ***insert figure 2 about here*** DRIVERS OF STANDARDS ADOPTIONMany authors have distinguished external and internal factors driving corporate decisions about standard implementation. In the following, this distinction will be maintained although it should be noted that internal and external factors are likely to interact (Perkins and Neumayer, 2010). EXTERNAL FACTORSThe most relevant external factors for this study are (1) the organisational field, (2) the institutional environment of a firm, and (3) complementary standards such as ISO 9001.The organisational field in which a firm operates, i.e. its competitors and partner firms, influences corporate decisions and strategies (Bansal and Bogner, 2002;O'Neill et al., 1998 INTERNAL FACTORSThe two most important internal drivers suggested in the literature are (1) the availability of win-win possibilities (or perception thereof), and (2) , 2010) and that eco-efficiency is insufficient for obtaining sustainability (Dyllick and Hockerts, 2002;Young and Tilley, 2006). As will be shown below, the perception of how widely win-win opportunities are available depends mostly on the corporate culture.Other scholars argue that standard adoption may enable companies to pre-empt or avoid stringent regulation (Delmas and Terlaak, 2001;Khanna and Anton, ...

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“…However, several evidences indicated that there is a positive relationship between degree of wealth and CSR reporting. For example, CSR certification like ISO 14001 in other economies are more likely to diffuse into a wealthier economy since there is a link between a country's level of economic development and the development of CSR performance [4][5]. It makes sense that higher levels of wealth per capita may provide more resources for the social and environmental initiatives.…”

Section: Csr Disclosure Varies For Each Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using HLM to Study the CSR Information Disclosure-the Evidence by Chinese Manufacturing Companies in China

Chen¹

2018

Proceedings of the 2018 2nd International Conference on Management, Education and Social Science (ICMESS 2018)

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Abstract-In recent years, more and more businesses, academics, and others in China have promoted corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a necessary component of the country's sustainable development. However, in-depth studies of the CSR reporting practices of Chinese companies are still needed. Given China's size and regional diversity, we expect CSR reporting practices to be unevenly developed within the country as well. Using the Shanghai Stock Exchange to develop a sample of Chinese companies that issue CSR reports, this paper will contribute to the research on the variety of CSR reporting in each region and industry sector, which is not addressed in other previous literature in China. And at the aggregate level, we find that regional effect could strengthen the relationship between the ROE and CSR information disclosure by introducing the hierarchical linear model instead.

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Geographic Variations in the Early Diffusion of Corporate Voluntary Standards: Comparing ISO 14001 and the Global Compact

Cited by 112 publications

References 61 publications

Does the ‘California effect’ operate across borders? Trading- and investing-up in automobile emission standards

Does the ‘California effect’ operate across borders? Trading- and investing-up in automobile emission standards

EMAS and ISO 14001 in the German industry – complements or substitutes?

Using HLM to Study the CSR Information Disclosure-the Evidence by Chinese Manufacturing Companies in China

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