Geographic Variation in the Mitochondrial Control Region of Black-throated Blue Warblers (Dendroica caerulescens)

Abstract

Abstract.-We investigated the genetic population structure of the Black-throated Blue Warbler (Dendroica caerulescens), a Nearctic-Neotropic migrant passerine that breeds in cool mixed deciduous-coniferous forests in eastern North America. A cline in plumage color in breeding populations in the central Appalachian Mountains suggests either a contact zone between two formerly allopatric populations or the presence of a strong contemporary selection gradient. Analysis of  base pairs of the mitochondrial control region from  individuals sampled from  populations revealed relatively high haplotype diversity, low nucleotide diversity, and limited but significant phylogeographic structure across the breeding range (analysis of molecular variance [AMOVA], variation among populations .%; P .) and between northern and southern population groups (AMOVA, variation among groups .%; P .). Genetic differentiation among populations did not conform to an isolation-by-distance model. Nucleotide diversity was generally highest in the central Appalachians and lower in geographically peripheral populations. Populations from the northwestern periphery of the breeding range in Michigan had the lowest haplotype diversity and were genetically distinct from populations in the southern Appalachians. The star-shaped haplotype network, extensive sharing of common haplotypes among populations, and the haphazard distribution of rare haplotypes are most likely attributable to the combined effects of postglacial expansion from a single refugium (,-, years ago) and long-distance dispersal events. The existence of a cline in plumage color, in the face of inferred recent gene flow, suggests that a strong selection gradient is operating, perhaps related to the migratory divide postulated from stableisotope data. Received  September , accepted  October .Key words: Appalachian Mountains, Black-throated Blue Warbler, Dendroica caerulescens, genetic structure, glaciation, mitochondrial DNA, plumage color, stable isotopes. Variación Geográfica en la Región Control Mitocondrial de Dendroica caerulescensResumen.-Investigamos la estructura genética poblacional de Dendroica caerulescens, un paseriforme que migra entre el Neártico y el Neotrópico y que se reproduce en áreas frescas de bosques mixtos de coníferas en el este de Norte América. Una clina en la coloración del plumaje en las poblaciones reproductivas de las montañas Apalaches sugiere que existe una zona de contacto entre dos poblaciones que fueron alopátricas, o la presencia de un fuerte gradiente de selección contemporánea. El análisis de  pares de bases de la región control mitocondrial de  individuos muestreados en  poblaciones, reveló una diversidad de haplotipos relativamente alta, una baja diversidad de nucleótidos y una estructura filogeográfica escasa pero significativa en el área de distribución reproductiva (análisis de varianza molecular [AMOVA], variación entre poblaciones .%; P .) y entre los grupos formados por las poblaciones del ...

A comparative assessment ofSNPand microsatellite markers for assigning parentage in a socially monogamous bird

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Asymmetric discrimination of geographical variation in song in a migratory passerine

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