Geographic Variation in Response of Pine Engraver, Ips pini, and Associated Species to Pheromone, Lanierone

Abstract

Abstract-Lanierone strongly synergized the attraction of male and female Ips pini (Say) to ipsdienol in New York and Wisconsin. Synergy was only weakly significant in Montana and British Columbia and not significant in California. Catches of I. pini in ipsdienol-baited traps were increased 0% (i.e., nonsignificant) to 9942% by lanierone, with the highest increases in eastern North America. Lanierone had the least effect in California. The effects of lanierone on sex ratios of I. pini in trap catches varied significantly between regions. The addition of lanierone to ipsdienol-baited traps resulted in a general increase in male representation at nine of 12 sites. Ips integer (Eichhoff) was attracted to lanierone alone. Ipsdienol reduced the response of /. integer to lanierone. Enoclerus lecontei (Wolcott) (Cleridae) preferred traps baited with the combination of ipsdienol and lanierone. (R)-(-)-Ipsdienol was attractive to E. sphegeus (F.), Thanasimus undatulus (Say) (Cleridae), and Temnochila chlorodia (Mannerheim) (Trogositidae), while racemic ipsdienol was attractive to E. nigrifrons var. gerhardi Wolc. and Thanasimus dubius (F.). Lanierone had no effect on these species.

Application of Semiochemicals to Assess the Biodiversity of Subcortical Insects following an Ecosystem Disturbance in a Sub-boreal Forest

“…The responses of I. pini to the enantiomers of ipsdienol have been reported from other North American locations (Raffa and Klepzig 1989;Herms et al 1991). In northern Minnesota, (+/−)-ipsdienol along with lanierone would be an effective pheromone to monitor the populations of I. pini (Teale et al 1991;Seybold et al 1992Seybold et al , 1995Miller et al 1997).…”

“…Studies on the semiochemicals of forest insects across different stand types within a landscape (such as the BWCAW) or over multiple field seasons are rare. Most semiochemical studies have been conducted over only one or two summers, either within relatively homogenous stands (e.g., single species pine stands of similar ages) (Miller and Borden 2003) or concurrently during one season across wide geographic areas (Miller et al 1997). Finally, few studies have explored the full range of subcortical forest insects by using traps baited with semiochemicals.…”

Dynamics of pheromone production and communication in the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, and the pine engraver, Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

“…is a secondary, weakly aggressive bark beetle, which breeds in the phloem of dead, moribund or stressed mes (Thomas 196 Lanier et al 1980). Lanierone, another male produced cornpound, synergises aggregation in eastern populations (Teale et al 1991;Miller et al 1997). When females arrive, they prospect for males by assessing male sites as they walk on the bark (Reid and Stamps 1997).…”

Bark and wood-boring beetle response in red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantations damaged by the 1998 ice storm: Preliminary observations

“…The resulting wood is stained and this further reduces the value of the timber. The native pine engraver [Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera, Scolytidae)] has caused considerable damage to plantation pines in the Great Lakes region (Klepzig et al 1991, Miller et al 1997). This species is typically non-aggressive, reproducing in logging slash, wind-thrown trees, and severely stressed trees (Thomas 1961).…”

“…However, Ips populations may increase following the creation of an abundance of brood material (i.e., after logging or during drought stress) and subsequently infest and kill standing trees (Sartwell et al 1971, Livingston 1979, Gara et al 1999. In western North America, Ips has caused significant problems following harvesting, with damage to standing timber (Klepzig et al 1991, Miller et al 1997, and is an important killer of pole-size ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws) in the southwestern United States (Schmid 1987).…”