Geographic shifts in the highland cooking banana (<i>Musa</i> spp., group AAA-EA) production in Uganda

Gold, Clifford S.; Karamura, E.; Kiggundu, Andrew; Bagamba, F.; Abera, A. M. K.

doi:10.1080/13504509.1999.9728471

Cited by 90 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is an important insect pest of banana in East Africa (Gold et al, 1999). High pest density can cause yield losses of up to 40-100% (Rukazambuga et al, 1998) and shorten plantation life span (Gold et al, 2004a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of age, female mating status and density on the banana weevil response to aggregation pheromone

Tinzaara¹,

Gold²,

Dicke³

et al. 2011

African Crop Science Journal

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The banana (Musa spp.) weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a major pest in East Africa causing yield losses of up to 14 metric tonnes per hectare annually. Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to determine whether the response of the banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to its aggregation pheromone was influenced by age, female mating status and weevil density. Laboratory bioassays were conducted using a double pitfall olfactometer, while a bucket pitfall trap was used in field experiments. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in response to pheromone between immature and mature weevils (males and females) in laboratory bioassays. Forty-day-old weevils had a stronger response to the pheromone than 10-day-old ones under field conditions. The response of unmated weevils to the pheromone was stronger than that of mated weevils, both in the laboratory and field. The percentage of unmated and mated weevils recaptured from 0 and 3 m were similar but significantly different from 6 m way from the pheromone baited trap. The response of the weevils to the pheromone was not significantly (P>0.05) influenced by its previous density.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of age, female mating status and density on the banana weevil response to aggregation pheromone

Tinzaara¹,

Gold²,

Dicke³

et al. 2011

African Crop Science Journal

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“…These are the banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus) (Gold et al, 2001) and parasitic nematodes of various species (Speijer et al, 1998). Banana weevil and nematodes are heavily responsible for the decline and disappearance of highland bananas from their traditional growing zones in East Africa (Gold et al, 1999). Several migratory endoparasitic nematodes including, Pratylenchus goodeyi, Radopholus similis and Helicotylenchus multicinctus have been reported to attack bananas in Uganda leading to serious crop losses (Gold et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agrobacterium mediated transformation of banana (Musa sp.) cv. Sukali Ndiizi (ABB) with a modified Carica papaya cystatin (CpCYS) gene

Namuddu¹,

Kiggundu²,

A³

et al. 2013

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Conventional banana breeding for pest and disease resistance is a very difficult and slow process due to the limited sources of resistance, sterility of cultivated banana varieties, high polyploidy levels, long cropping cycle and the lack of rapid screening methods. Molecular breeding using the transgenic approach with candidate genes such as cystatins offers an alternative method to banana improvement. Cystatin proteins inhibit the activity of cysteine proteases responsible for the breakdown of dietary proteins in the gut of many pests including nematodes resulting in protein deficiency. In this study, the papaya cystatin gene was introduced into the banana genome. Embryogenic cell suspension (ECS) cultures of the banana cultivar Sukali Ndiizi (ABB) were used as explants material for the successful transformation of banana. The Carica papaya cystatin gene (CpCYS-Mut89) previously modified to improve its inhibitory potential against banana pests was introduced into this cultivar using Agrobacterium tumefaciens, strain LBA4404 and the gus reporter gene was used to observe successful transformation process. We report the successful protocol for routine transformation of this cultivar, which was completed in six months with plant regeneration observed at a frequency of 23%. An additional four months was required to multiply the regenerant lines in order to have at least 20 plants per line for downstream challenging studies. Putatively transgenic plants were analyzed by PCR using hpt and CpCYS-Mut89 specific primers to confirm the presence of transgenes. Out of 28 selected lines, 27 were positive for both hpt and CpCYS-Mut89 transgenes giving 96.4% transformation efficiency. Five lines were then selected on the basis of putative PCR positives and a Southern blot analysis gave hybridization signals with 1 to 4 copy number integration patterns characteristic of Agrobacterium mediated transformation. These results confirm stable gene integration in East African banana cultivar cv. Sukali Ndiizi (genome group ABB) through an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol described for routine use in future improvement of this crop with genes of economic importance.

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“…The banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is an insect pest of considerable importance in Africa, associated with the rapid decline of banana and plantain plantations (Gold, 1999a(Gold, , 2000Swennen and Vuylsteke, 2001;Gold et al, 2005). At the adult stage, banana weevil females deposit their eggs inside host plant tissues, at the base of the pseudostem or on an exposed corm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deleterious effects of plant cystatins against the banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus

Kiggundu

Muchwezi

Vyver

et al. 2009

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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The general potential of plant cystatins for the development of insect-resistant transgenic plants still remains to be established given the natural ability of several insects to compensate for the loss of active cysteine proteases following inhibitor ingestion. Here we assessed the potential of cystatins for the development of banana lines resistant to the banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus, a major pest of banana and plantain in Africa. Protease inhibitory assays were first conducted with protein and methylcoumarin (MCA) peptide substrates to measure the inhibitory efficiency of different cystatins in vitro, followed by a diet bioassay with cystatin-infiltrated banana stem disks to monitor the impact of two plant cystatins, oryzacystatin I (OC-I, or OsCYS1)and papaya cystatin (CpCYS1), on the overall growth rate of young weevil larvae. As observed earlier for other Coleoptera, banana weevils produce a variety of proteases for dietary protein digestion, including in particular Z-Phe-Arg-MCA-hydrolyzing (cathepsin L-like) and Z-Arg-Arg- MCA-hydrolyzing (cathepsin B-like) proteases active in mildly acidic conditions. Both enzyme populations were sensitive to the diagnostic cysteine protease inhibitor E-64 and to different plant cystatins including OsCYS1. In line with these broad inhibitory effects of cystatins, OsCYS1 andCpCYS1 caused an important growth delay in young larvae developing for 10 days in cystatininfiltrated banana stem disks. These promising results, which illustrate the natural susceptibility of C. sordidus to plant cystatins, are discussed in the light of current genomic data on coleopteran cysteine cathepsins and recent hypotheses suggesting a key role for digestive cathepsin B-like enzymes as a determinant for resistance or susceptibility to plant cystatins in Coleoptera.Keywords: Banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus); banana (Musa spp.); cathepsin B-like proteases; cysteine cathepsins; plant cystatins; oryzacystatin I Plant cystatins against the banana weevil Page 3 INTRODUCTIONThe banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is an insect pest of considerable importance in Africa, associated with the rapid decline of banana and plantain plantations (Gold, 1999a(Gold, , 2000Swennen and Vuylsteke, 2001;Gold et al., 2005). At the adult stage, banana weevil females deposit their eggs inside host plant tissues, at the base of the pseudostem or on an exposed corm. On hatching, the larvae tunnel through the corm to feed and develop, where they damage tissues, compromise water and mineral uptake, and weaken the colonized organs. Banana weevil infestations cause important losses in the field by a direct negative impact on harvestable bunch weight and a weakening effect on infested organs causing plant toppling during windstorms (Sengooba, 1986;Rukazambuga et al., 1998).Banana weevil control in Africa relies essentially on cultural and sanitation practices such as the use of clean planting material, the systematic trapping of adult weevils to prevent population build-up, an...

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Geographic shifts in the highland cooking banana (Musa spp., group AAA-EA) production in Uganda

Cited by 90 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of age, female mating status and density on the banana weevil response to aggregation pheromone

Effect of age, female mating status and density on the banana weevil response to aggregation pheromone

Agrobacterium mediated transformation of banana (Musa sp.) cv. Sukali Ndiizi (ABB) with a modified Carica papaya cystatin (CpCYS) gene

Deleterious effects of plant cystatins against the banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus

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