Geographic pathology of thyroid carcinoma

Abstract

Pathologic and epidemiologic studies of carcinoma of the thyroid were carried out in an endemic and a nonendemic goiter area. Two hundred twenty‐nine cases from the State of Connecticut, USA, and 217 from Cali, Colombia, were histologically reviewed and classified using a single nomenclature and previously agreed criteria. Tumors were classified in five categories: papillary, follicular, anaplastic, medullary, and others. A detailed pathologic description for papillary and follicular varieties was made, since most of the confusion in nomenclature seems to be due to the absence of well‐defined criteria for these two types of tumor. Incidence of specific histologic types in the two localities were also studied. A statistically significant excess of follicular carcinoma was found in Cali in comparison with Connecticut. An excess of ana‐plastic carcinoma in Cali was also seen, but the number of cases was too small to be significant. No differences were found in the incidence of papillary carcinoma in the two localities. Anaplastic and follicular carcinoma were more often associated with nodular goiter than papillary carcinoma.

Changing patterns of thyroid cancer in Sri Lanka. Has the iodination programme helped?

“…Geographical variation in the nature of thyroid carcinoma is well documented [4]. Anaplastic tumours are of high prevalence in iodine deficient areas [5].…”

“…Many endemic goitre regions have populations with chronically increased TSH levels. One such endemic region well studied is Cali, in Colombia, where a high prevalence of cancer has been established [4,5]. The tumours seen in such endemic regions are more aggressive, i.e.…”

“…The tumours seen in such endemic regions are more aggressive, i.e. anaplastic or follicular [4]. In contrast, in countries such as Iceland where high dietary iodine is known to be associated with a low TSH level in the population, a high prevalence of papillary carcinoma is noted [15].…”

Molecular Markers in Differential Diagnostics of Follicular Neoplasms of the Thyroid

“…По данным многочисленных исследований распространенность злокачественных новообразований, выявляемых при ТАБ, составляет около 5%. В то же время в 10-30% случаев результа ты цитологического исследования расцениваются как "неопределенные" или подозрительные на зло качественные [2,3,9,11,16].Диагностика фолликулярных опухолей щито видной железы на дооперационном этапе вызывает особые сложности, так как аденома и аденокарцино ма фолликулярного строения имеют сходные цито логические признаки. Только два критерия -инва зии в сосуды или в капсулу опухоли, которые могут быть определены исключительно при гистологичес ком исследовании операционного материала, позво ляют отличить фолликулярный рак.…”

“…По данным многочисленных исследований распространенность злокачественных новообразований, выявляемых при ТАБ, составляет около 5%. В то же время в 10-30% случаев результа ты цитологического исследования расцениваются как "неопределенные" или подозрительные на зло качественные [2,3,9,11,16].…”