Geographic information systems (GIS) based model of dairy manure transportation and application with environmental quality consideration

Reviewing the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) to measure Sustainable Urban Transport performance

“…Accessibility One main topic to present the transport performance is about accessibility. This topic described through (Paudel et al, 2009) which used ArcMap-GIS software in his research to identify dairy manure transportation routes that minimized costs relative to environmental and other constraints with using tools analysis: network analysis. Similarly, a study by (Gutiérrez et al, 2010) used ArcGIS with network analysis tools in order to calculate and map regional spillovers, economic potential values are computed using network routines.…”

“…Network analysis also used to define the health care locations in order to determine the levels of accessibility (Murad, 2005), as versatile tool to integrate land use and transport system components in an accessibility metric (Ford et al, 2015), to measure the accessibility to transit network for households and cars (Chapleau and Morency, 2005), to know how far patients live from their nearest health centers (Murad, 2004). Buffer analysis also to measure distance from each dairy farm to receiving farmlands (Paudel et al, 2009), to measure geography framework 2000), to define the retail center catchment (Murad, 2003), to evaluate the accessibility to health care facilities (A. A. and the dynamic measure of relative accessibility of households to the nearest bus stops (Chapleau and Morency, 2005).…”

“…This study used network analysis in GIS to estimate the main pollutants from road network and environmental consequences. Likewise, (Paudel et al, 2009) used networks analysis to identify transportation routes that minimized costs relative to environmental constrain. GIS also used to applied in geo-code trip origins and destinations to calculate the emission in transportation activity (Armstrong and Khan, 2004).…”

“…Objective Authors Accessibility -to identify transportation routes -to calculate and map regional spillovers, economic potential values -to measure of accessibility aggregate to define nearest location (Paudel et al, 2009), (Gutierrez et al, 1998), (Mavoa et al, 2012), (Murad, 2003), (Murad, 2004), (Murad, 2005), (Murad, 2008), (Murad, 2011, (Chapleau and Morency, 2005), (Ford et al, 2015) Noise Pollution -to calculate noise pollution area -to model the environmental impacts of different road traffic scenarios. (Li et al, 2002), (Brown and Affum, 2002), (Antunes and Santos, 2001), (Valdes et al, 2016) Energy Consumption -to calculate energy consumption (Arampatzis et al, 2004) Public Transport -to representation of the multimodal transportation network -To presented data in spatial analysis -to presented road network -to assess the level of service of the existing public bus transport system -To identify deficient network elements.…”

Preemption of Local Governmental Ordinances Regulating Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations in the United States

“…The CAFO rule prescribes regulatory provisions for CAFOs' physical areas of production as well as land application areas that have discharges (Centner & Newton, 2008;US Code of Federal Regulations, 2014). Although land application performed correctly involves the use of a sustainable agronomic practice, land application of manure may result in overapplication due to lack of enough land (Paudel & McIntosh, 2005) or due to the expense of hauling manure (Paudel et al, 2009 Enforcement of the NPDES permitting process also varies since it is dependent upon the willingness of the regulatory agency to enforce pollution controls and the resources the state allocates for enforcement personnel and oversight. States placing a greater emphasis on economic benefits related to attracting business activities may not be as concerned about enforcing their NPDES permitting programs.…”