Geographic information science

Raper, Jonathan

doi:10.1002/aris.2009.1440430109

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 215 publications

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“…In recent years, developers and researchers from outside of the traditional geographic industry made great contributions to the development of Web GIS, new concepts such as serviceoriented architecture, collaborative applications, and loosely coupled structure, has promoted many new types of Web GIS applications. (Raper, 2009) Interaction and cooperation are the most prominent features of Web GIS. A lot of researches have adopted Web GIS in the solutions of their problems.…”

Section: Web Gismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simulation-as-a-Service Framework Facilitating Webgis Based Installation Planning

Zheng

Chang

Fei

2017

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:Installation Planning is constrained by both natural and social conditions, especially for spatially sparse but functionally connected facilities. Simulation is important for proper deploy in space and configuration in function of facilities to make them a cohesive and supportive system to meet users' operation needs. Based on requirement analysis, we propose a framework to combine GIS and Agent simulation to overcome the shortness in temporal analysis and task simulation of traditional GIS. In this framework, Agent based simulation runs as a service on the server, exposes basic simulation functions, such as scenario configuration, simulation control, and simulation data retrieval to installation planners. At the same time, the simulation service is able to utilize various kinds of geoprocessing services in Agents' process logic to make sophisticated spatial inferences and analysis. This simulation-as-a-service framework has many potential benefits, such as easy-to-use, on-demand, shared understanding, and boosted performances. At the end, we present a preliminary implement of this concept using ArcGIS javascript api 4.0 and ArcGIS for server, showing how trip planning and driving can be carried out by agents.

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Section: Web Gismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simulation-as-a-Service Framework Facilitating Webgis Based Installation Planning

Zheng

Chang

Fei

2017

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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“…Government is interested in geospatial information for a host of reasons including security, resources, infrastructure, transportation and commerce, agriculture and weather, emergency response, and population and census studies. Digital geospatial data (Raper, 2009) is so important to the U.S. government that it has invested heavily in the development of a common spatial data infrastructure (SDI) (Mapping Sciences Committee, 1993; Maguire & Longley, 2004) and a one‐stop Web portal (http://www.geodata.gov) for all users of that information. The quest for a spatial data standard that can be used by many governments has since become worldwide (Craglia & Masser, 2002; Maguire & Longley, 2004; Masser, 1999; Van Loenen & Kok, 2004).…”

Section: E‐government Related Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital government

Robertson

Vatrapu

2010

Annual Review Info Sci & Tec

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digital cities" online. This section also looks at the dramatic growth in the use of ICT for interaction with government entities and politicians. The next section is a wideranging treatment of "e-participation," covering digital citizenship, political campaigning online, electronic voting, e-rulemaking, political information seeking, blogging, social networking, and the possibility of virtual public spheres inhabited by non-co-located "netizens." After briefly examining the digital government-related technologies of geographic information systems and urban simulation, we conclude by looking at challenges such as access inequities, trust, power, and civic identity. Information and GovernmentBimber (2003) describes the central role of "information" in Alexander Hamilton's The Federalist, a pre-constitution treatise meant to convince the public about the merits of a federal republic for the emerging United States. He points out that the word "information" appears "about three dozen times in The Federalist" (p. 35) and that the importance of information is emphasized in a wide variety of areas including manufacturing, commerce, taxation, the distribution of citizens across large distances, the power of factions, and politics. The concept of a single democratic polity distributed over such a vast geographical expanse as was envisioned by the Founding Fathers (more vast than they imagined, as it turned out) was novel and problematic. The structure of the federal government, particularly the Electoral College, can be seen in part as an information and knowledge management solution of the time, in addition to its role as a process for implementing representative democracy in a geographically sprawling country.In the next century, the United States introduced systems of relatively inexpensive daily newspapers and universal, flat-rate mail service that greatly expanded the information environment (Fang, 1997;Schudson, 1998). Some scholars argue that these early information technologies deeply influenced citizens' feeling of common identity and sense of democratic purpose (Bimber, 2003;Schudson, 1998). In modern times, of course, radio and then television have been the dominant communication technologies. Their influence on government and politics has been widely Putnam, 1995) and will not be discussed further here except to note that these technologies are non-collaborative, one-way, broadcast technologies. The information and communication technology that concerns us in this chapter is digital technology: the Internet and all of its manifestations (email, the World Wide Web, instant messaging, social networking, and virtual worlds) and mobile information and communication technologies such as cell phones and global positioning systems. There is no question that these technologies are becoming more central to the way governments work now and will work in the future (Agre

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“…On the one hand, the traditional meaning of GIS as a system has not disappeared with the introduction of GIS as a science; but on the other hand, we need a distinguishable abbreviation for the science as well. In the literature, several solutions to separate the two can be seen, including "GIS" and "GISc" (e.g., [9,10]); "GIS" and "GI Science" (e.g., [3,11]); and "GIS" and "GIScience" (e.g., [1,6,8]) in regular use. While the abbreviation to be used for the system seems to be clear, the same cannot be said about the abbreviation for the science.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To start with, what strange kind of word is it and how should it be pronounced? It seems to be an abbreviation of some kind, i.e., "a shortened form of a word or name that is used in place of the full word or name" [9]. The most common types of abbreviations are initialisms and acronyms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

GI science, not GIScience

Hall¹

2014

JOSIS

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The abbreviation "GIS" has been tricky since Michael F. Goodchild proposed in the early 1990s that the meaning of the "S" should change from "systems" to "science" [5,6]. Until then, no one had suggested that "GIS" would stand for anything else than "geographic information systems" (although "studies" and "services" were also later suggested [6]). "Geographic information systems" was a term coined in the 1960s, and by the late 1980s had evolved into widely adopted software tools [6]. The reason for Goodchild to challenge the meaning of the abbreviation "GIS" was that, at the time, certain researchers began increasingly to view GIS as more than just a tool or system. A shift of focus from systems to science was a way to address the lack of theory and to raise the status of the researchers involved in the field.Initially, Goodchild argued for the use of the term "spatial information science" (in a keynote address at the 4th International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling), but later used "geographic information science" (in a keynote address at the Second European GIS Conference in 1991). When Goodchild shortly thereafter was asked to combine the two keynotes together into a paper for the International Journal of Geographical Information Systems (IJGIS) he wrote that he settled for "geographic" rather than "spatial" as he was intrigued by the ambiguity it implied about the decoding of "GIS" and as it seemed to him that "there might be general truths to be discovered about geographic space that were not equally true of other spaces" [6].Goodchild started the ball rolling with his 1992 paper. Five years later, in 1996, the International Geographical Union changed the name and structure of their commission on Geographical Information Systems to two working groups: Geographical Information Science and Geographical Modelling [4]. In 1997, IJGIS changed "Systems" to "Science," and Cartography and Geographic Information Systems followed suit in 1999. The First International Conference on Geographic Information Science was held in 2000, and in 2014, it was held for the eighth time. Nowadays, the domain addressed by geographic information science is well-defined and persistent [6], although the debate regarding whether it is a science or not still resurfaces every now and then [10].While the scope of geographic information science as a discipline thus is no longer ambiguous, the denotation of the abbreviation "GIS" still is, and this poses a problem.

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Geographic information science

Cited by 10 publications

References 215 publications

A Simulation-as-a-Service Framework Facilitating Webgis Based Installation Planning

A Simulation-as-a-Service Framework Facilitating Webgis Based Installation Planning

Digital government

GI science, not GIScience

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