Geographic Distribution of Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) in Freshwater Fish in South Eastern Australia: Lost Opportunity for a Notifiable Pathogen to Expand Its Geographic Range

Becker, Joy A.; Gilligan, Dean M.; Asmus, Martin; Tweedie, Alison; Whittington, Richard J.

doi:10.3390/v11040315

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Although thought to be endemic to the Murray-Darling Basin (upper Murrumbidgee River), EHNV was last reported in 2012 [63]. Similarly, we did not detect the emerging dwarf gourami iridovirus (Iridoviridae) that causes infectious spleen and kidney necrosis in several species of native Australian fish [79,80].…”

Section: Chinook Salmon Bafinivirus)mentioning

confidence: 63%

“…EHNV is known to cause high-impact infections in redfin perch and is capable of infecting other freshwater fish in the Murray-Darling Basin, including silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus), Macquarie perch (Macquaria australasica), Murray-Darling rainbowfish, freshwater catfish ( Tandanus tandanus ) and invasive mosquitofish [47]. Although thought to be endemic to the Murray-Darling Basin (upper Murrumbidgee River), EHNV was last reported in 2012 [63]. Similarly, we did not detect the emerging dwarf gourami iridovirus (Iridoviridae) that causes infectious spleen and kidney necrosis in several species of native Australian fish [79, 80].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metagenomic sequencing reveals a lack of virus exchange between native and invasive freshwater fish across the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia

Costa

Mifsud

Gilligan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Biological invasions are among the biggest threats to freshwater biodiversity. This is increasingly relevant in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia, particularly since the introduction of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). This invasive species now occupies up to 90% of fish biomass, with hugely detrimental impacts on native fauna and flora. To address the ongoing impacts of carp, cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) has been proposed as a potentially effective biological control. Crucially, however, it is unknown whether CyHV-3 and other cyprinid herpesviruses already exist in the Murray-Darling. Further, little is known about those viruses that naturally occur in wild freshwater fauna, and the frequency with which these viruses jump species boundaries. To document the evolution and diversity of freshwater fish viromes and better understand the ecological context to the proposed introduction of CyHV-3, we performed a meta-transcriptomic viral survey of invasive and native fish across the Murray-Darling Basin, covering over 2,200 km of the river system. Across a total of 36 RNA libraries representing 10 species, we failed to detect CyHV-3 nor any closely related viruses. Rather, meta-transcriptomic analysis identified 18 vertebrate-associated viruses that could be assigned to the Arenaviridae, Astroviridae, Bornaviridae, Caliciviridae, Coronaviridae, Chuviridae, Flaviviridae, Hantaviridae, Hepeviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Picornaviridae, Poxviridae, Reoviridae and Rhabdoviridae families, and a further 27 that were deemed to be associated with non-vertebrate hosts. Notably, we revealed a marked lack of viruses that are shared among invasive and native fishes sampled here, suggesting that there is little virus transmission from common carp to native fish species. Overall, this study provides the first data on the viruses naturally circulating in a major river system and supports the notion that fish harbour a large diversity of viruses with often deep evolutionary histories.

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Section: Chinook Salmon Bafinivirus)mentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic sequencing reveals a lack of virus exchange between native and invasive freshwater fish across the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia

Costa

Mifsud

Gilligan

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…EHNV is known to cause high-impact infections in redfin perch and is capable of infecting other freshwater fish in the Murray–Darling Basin, including silver perch ( Bidyanus bidyanus ), Macquarie perch ( Macquaria australasica ), Murray–Darling rainbowfish, freshwater catfish ( Tandanus tandanus ) and invasive mosquitofish ( Becker et al 2013 ). Although thought to be endemic to the Murray–Darling Basin (upper Murrumbidgee River), EHNV was last reported in 2012 ( Becker et al 2019 ). Similarly, we did not detect the emerging dwarf gourami iridovirus ( Iridoviridae ) that causes infectious spleen and kidney necrosis in several species of native Australian fish ( Go et al 2006 ; Rimmer et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic sequencing reveals a lack of virus exchange between native and invasive freshwater fish across the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biological invasions are among the biggest threats to freshwater biodiversity. This is increasingly relevant in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia, particularly since the introduction of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). This invasive species now occupies up to 90% of fish biomass, with hugely detrimental impacts on native fauna and flora. To address the ongoing impacts of carp, cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) has been proposed as a potentially effective biological control agent. Crucially, however, it is unknown whether CyHV-3 and other cyprinid herpesviruses already exist in the Murray-Darling. Further, little is known about those viruses that naturally occur in wild freshwater fauna, and the frequency with which these viruses jump species boundaries. To document the evolution and diversity of freshwater fish viromes and better understand the ecological context to the proposed introduction of CyHV-3, we performed a meta-transcriptomic viral survey of invasive and native fish across the Murray-Darling Basin, covering over 2,200 km of the river system. Across a total of 36 RNA libraries representing 10 species, we failed to detect CyHV-3 nor any closely related viruses. Rather, meta-transcriptomic analysis identified 18 vertebrate-associated viruses that could be assigned to the Arenaviridae, Astroviridae, Bornaviridae, Caliciviridae, Coronaviridae, Chuviridae, Flaviviridae, Hantaviridae, Hepeviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Picornaviridae, Poxviridae, Reoviridae and Rhabdoviridae families, and a further 27 that were deemed to be associated with non-vertebrate hosts. Notably, we revealed a marked lack of viruses that are shared among invasive and native fish sampled here, suggesting that there is little virus transmission from common carp to native fish species, despite co-existing for over 50 years. Overall, this study provides the first data on the viruses naturally circulating in a major river system and supports the notion that fish harbour a large diversity of viruses with often deep evolutionary histories.

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“…In fact, EHNV was the first iridovirus reported related to epizootic mortality in vertebrates [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. The first epidemic of EHNV was in freshwater reservoirs in central Victoria (VIC), to be more specific, Lake Nillahcootie and Lake Mokoan in the Brock River Basin, Australia [ 20 ]. Several wild perch populations ( Perca fluviatilis ) in northeastern Victoria were infected by EHNV between 1984 and 1986, raising serious concerns because of its capacity to cause massive fish die-off [ 15 , 21 ].…”

Section: Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite having the same lineage, EHNV and ECV can be distinguished by simple and rapid molecular detection [ 24 ]. Between these two species of Ranavirus , EHNV is limited to Australia and ECV is restricted to continental Europe [ 20 ].…”

Section: Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Megalocytivirus and Other Members of the Family Iridoviridae in Finfish: A Review of the Etiology, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Prevention and Control

Qin

Munang’andu

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Aquaculture has expanded to become the fastest growing food-producing sector in the world. However, its expansion has come under threat due to an increase in diseases caused by pathogens such as iridoviruses commonly found in aquatic environments used for fish farming. Of the seven members belonging to the family Iridoviridae, the three genera causing diseases in fish comprise ranaviruses, lymphocystiviruses and megalocytiviruses. These three genera are serious impediments to the expansion of global aquaculture because of their tropism for a wide range of farmed-fish species in which they cause high mortality. As economic losses caused by these iridoviruses in aquaculture continue to rise, the urgent need for effective control strategies increases. As a consequence, these viruses have attracted a lot of research interest in recent years. The functional role of some of the genes that form the structure of iridoviruses has not been elucidated. There is a lack of information on the predisposing factors leading to iridovirus infections in fish, an absence of information on the risk factors leading to disease outbreaks, and a lack of data on the chemical and physical properties of iridoviruses needed for the implementation of biosecurity control measures. Thus, the synopsis put forth herein provides an update of knowledge gathered from studies carried out so far aimed at addressing the aforesaid informational gaps. In summary, this review provides an update on the etiology of different iridoviruses infecting finfish and epidemiological factors leading to the occurrence of disease outbreaks. In addition, the review provides an update on the cell lines developed for virus isolation and culture, the diagnostic tools used for virus detection and characterization, the current advances in vaccine development and the use of biosecurity in the control of iridoviruses in aquaculture. Overall, we envision that the information put forth in this review will contribute to developing effective control strategies against iridovirus infections in aquaculture.

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Geographic Distribution of Epizootic haematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV) in Freshwater Fish in South Eastern Australia: Lost Opportunity for a Notifiable Pathogen to Expand Its Geographic Range

Cited by 3 publications

References 29 publications

Metagenomic sequencing reveals a lack of virus exchange between native and invasive freshwater fish across the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia

Metagenomic sequencing reveals a lack of virus exchange between native and invasive freshwater fish across the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia

Metagenomic sequencing reveals a lack of virus exchange between native and invasive freshwater fish across the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia

Megalocytivirus and Other Members of the Family Iridoviridae in Finfish: A Review of the Etiology, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Prevention and Control

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