Geographic Distribution of Arbovirus Antibodies in Indigenous Human Populations in the Indo-Australian Archipelago *

Kanamitsu, Masatsugu; Taniguchi, Koki; Urasawa, Shozo; Ogata, Takayuki; Wada, Yoshito; Wada, Yoshitake; Saroso, J. Sulianti

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1979.28.351

Cited by 75 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…14,15,21 Our results using the microtiter SNT add support for these criticisms. Although the plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT) may demonstrate improved resolution and sensitivity when compared to the mSNT, 33,34 this test remains similarly affected by broadly-neutralizing antibodies following sequential flavivirus infections. 25,33,35,36 Indeed, evaluation of the PRNT using the pig sera generated in this study was consistent with these findings (Lunt RL and others, unpublished data).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infections of pigs with Japanese encephalitis virus and closely related Australian flaviviruses.

Williams¹,

Daniels²,

Lunt³

et al. 2001

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The flavivirus Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus has recently emerged in the Australasian region. To investigate the involvement of infections with related enzootic flaviviruses, namely Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) virus and Kunjin (KUN) virus, on immunity of pigs to JE virus and to provide a basis for interpretation of serologic data, experimental infections were conducted with combinations of these viruses. Antibody responses to primary and secondary infections were evaluated using panels of monoclonal antibody-based blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and microtiter serum neutralization tests (mSNTs). Identification of the primary infecting virus was possible only using the mSNTs. Following challenge, unequivocal diagnosis was impossible due to variation in immune responses between animals and broadened and/or anamnestic responses. Viremia for JE virus was readily detected in pigs following primary infection, but was not detected following prior exposure to MVE or KUN viruses. Boosted levels of existing cross-neutralizing antibodies to JE virus suggested a role for this response in suppressing JE viremia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infections of pigs with Japanese encephalitis virus and closely related Australian flaviviruses.

Williams¹,

Daniels²,

Lunt³

et al. 2001

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…SIN virus is the most commonly isolated arbovirus from mosquitoes in Australia (Mackenzie et al, 1994). Despite this, human disease has only been reported on two occasions in Australia (Doherty et al, 1969 ;Guard et al, 1982), although seroepidemiological studies suggest that frequent subclinical infections do occur (Boughton et al, 1984 ;Doherty, 1973 ;Kanamitsu et al, 1979 ;Liehne et al, 1976). Strain variation or the presence of clinically similar diseases or antigenically related alphaviruses may explain the low incidence of clinical infections in humans in Australia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic distribution and evolution of Sindbis virus in Australia.

Sammels

Lindsay

Poidinger

et al. 1999

Journal of General Virology

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The molecular epidemiology and evolution of Sindbis (SIN) virus in Australia was examined. Several SIN virus strains isolated from other countries were also included in the analysis. Two regions of the virus genome were sequenced including a 418 bp region of the E2 gene and a 484 bp region containing part of the junction region and the 5h end of the C gene. Analysis of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence data from 40 SIN virus isolates clearly separated the Paleoarctic/ Ethiopian and Oriental/Australian genetic types of SIN virus. Examination of the Australian strains showed a temporal rather than geographic relationship. This is consistent with the virus having migratory birds as the major vertebrate host, as it allows for movement of virus over vast areas of the continent over a relatively short period of time. The results suggest that the virus is being periodically redistributed over the continent from an enzootic focus of evolving SIN virus. However, SIN virus strains isolated from mosquitoes collected in the south-west of Australia appear to represent a new SIN virus lineage, which is distinct from the Paleoarctic/Ethiopian and Oriental/Australian lineages. Given the widespread geographic dispersal of the Paleoarctic/ Ethiopian and Oriental/Australian lineages, it is surprising that the South-west genetic type is so restricted in its area of circulation. Nucleotide sequence data from the C gene of the prototype strain of the alphavirus Whataroa were also determined. This virus was found to be genetically distinct from the SIN virus isolates included in the present study ; however, it is clearly SIN-like and appears to have evolved from a SIN-like ancestral virus.

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“…12 In another study in the late 1970s, no human sera from New Guinea had specific antibodies to JE virus, and more recently, there were no reports of JE virus activity in PNG. 13,14 As a result of the outbreak of JE in the Torres Strait in 1995, a study was undertaken to investigate whether JE virus did exist in Papua New Guinea, by 1) attempting virus isolation from adult mosquitoes collected in the Western Province of PNG and 2) determining the prevalence of antibodies to JE virus in people living in PNG. This paper describes the isolation of JE virus and other arboviruses from mosquitoes collected in the Western Province of PNG during this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Japanese encephalitis virus from mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) collected in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea, 1997-1998.

Johansen¹,

Hurk²,

Ritchie³

et al. 2000

Am J Trop Med Hyg

102

109

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After Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus emerged in the Torres Strait in Australia in 1995, investigations were initiated into the origin of the incursion. New Guinea was considered the most likely source, given its proximity to islands of the Torres Strait. Almost 400,000 adult mosquitoes were processed for virus isolation from 26 locations in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea (PNG) between February 1996 and February 1998, yielding three isolates of JE virus. Two isolates of Murray Valley encephalitis, 17 isolates of Sindbis, and 1 each of Sepik and Ross River viruses were also obtained. Nucleic acid sequences of the PNG JE isolates were determined in the prM region, and in a region overlapping a part of the fifth nonstructural protein and the 3' untranslated region. The PNG isolates belonged to genotype II, and shared > 99.2% identity with isolates from humans and mosquitoes from the Torres Strait, suggesting that PNG is the source of incursions of JE virus into Australia.

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Geographic Distribution of Arbovirus Antibodies in Indigenous Human Populations in the Indo-Australian Archipelago *

Cited by 75 publications

References 17 publications

Experimental infections of pigs with Japanese encephalitis virus and closely related Australian flaviviruses.

Experimental infections of pigs with Japanese encephalitis virus and closely related Australian flaviviruses.

Geographic distribution and evolution of Sindbis virus in Australia.

Isolation of Japanese encephalitis virus from mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) collected in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea, 1997-1998.

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