Geographic distribution and genetic characterization of poxviruses from human infections in Georgia, 2009–2014

Khmaladze, Ekaterine; Mauldin, Matthew R.; Tsaguria, Davit; Gavashelidze, Mari; Sidamonidze, Ketevan; Tevdoradze, Tea; Yu, Li; Reynolds, Mary G.; Imnadze, Paata; Nakazawa, Yoshinori

doi:10.1007/s00705-020-04922-x

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Borderline: Ct value 40.1-42.99. Neg, negative: Ct value >43.0 or no Ct. 4 Amount of EqPPV sequence data acquired from NGS, next generation sequencing 5 Bacteriological results of samples cultured non-frozen are bolded. Other samples were frozen first.…”

Section: Orf112mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until recently, five virus species have been known: orf virus (ORFV), bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV), pseudocowpox virus (PCPV), red deer parapoxvirus (RDPV) and grey sealpox virus (GSEPV) (3). ORFV, BPSV, and PCPV are zoonotic and the rest are potentially zoonotic (3, 4, 5). In Finland, ORFV infections are detected annually in sheep, and PCPV and BPSV in bovines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equine dermatitis outbreak associated with parapoxvirus

Virtanen,

Hautala,

Utriainen

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Parapoxviruses (PPV) cause skin and mucous membrane lesions in several animal species, and of the five recognized PPVs, at least three are zoonotic. Equine PPV (EqPPV) is the sixth one initially described in humans in the United States and later in a severely sick horse in Finland in 2013-2015. In 2021-2022, a large-scale pustulo-vesicular pastern dermatitis outbreak occurred in horses all over Finland. This study aimed at analysing the outbreak, identifying and describing the causative agent, describing clinical signs, and searching for risk factors. EqPPV was identified as a probable causative agent and co-infections with several potentially pathogenic and zoonotic bacteria were observed. Histopathologically, suppurative and ulcerative dermatitis was diagnosed. Due to the lack of specific tests for this virus, we developed a novel diagnostic EqPPV-PCR with sensitivity of 10 copies/reaction. Based on a large proportion of the genome sequenced directly from clinical samples, very little variation was detected between the sequences of the case from 2013 and the cases from 2021-2022. Based on an epidemiological survey, the main risk factor for pastern dermatitis was having racehorses. Approximately one third of the horses at each affected stable got clinical dermatitis, manifesting as severe skin lesions. Skin lesions were also occasionally reported in humans, indicating potential zoonotic transmission. Case stables commonly reported attendance in race events before acquiring the disease. Survey also identified differences in practises between case and control stables. Taken together, these results enable a better preparedness, diagnostics, and guidelines for future outbreaks.

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Section: Orf112mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine dermatitis outbreak associated with parapoxvirus

Virtanen,

Hautala,

Utriainen

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Until recently, five virus species have been known: orf virus (ORFV), bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV), pseudocowpox virus (PCPV), red deer parapoxvirus (RDPV) and grey sealpox virus (GSEPV) [3]. ORFV, BPSV, and PCPV are zoonotic and the rest are potentially zoonotic [3–5]. In Finland, ORFV infections are detected annually in sheep, and PCPV and BPSV in bovines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine dermatitis outbreak associated with parapoxvirus

Virtanen,

Hautala,

Utriainen

et al. 2023

Journal of General Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Parapoxviruses (PPV) cause skin and mucous membrane lesions in several animal species, and of the five recognized PPVs, at least three are zoonotic. Equine PPV (EqPPV) is the sixth one initially described in humans in the United States and later in a severely sick horse in Finland in 2013–2015. In 2021–2022, a large-scale pustulo-vesicular pastern dermatitis outbreak occurred in horses all over Finland. This study aimed at analysing the outbreak, identifying and describing the causative agent, describing clinical signs, and searching for risk factors. EqPPV was identified as a probable causative agent and co-infections with several potentially pathogenic and zoonotic bacteria were observed. Histopathologically, suppurative and ulcerative dermatitis was diagnosed. Due to the lack of specific tests for this virus, we developed a novel diagnostic EqPPV-PCR with sensitivity of 10 copies/reaction. Based on a large proportion of the genome sequenced directly from clinical samples, very little variation was detected between the sequences of the case from 2013 and the cases from 2021 to 2022. Based on an epidemiological survey, the main risk factor for pastern dermatitis was having racehorses. Approximately one third of the horses at each affected stable got clinical dermatitis, manifesting as severe skin lesions. Skin lesions were also occasionally reported in humans, indicating potential zoonotic transmission. Case stables commonly reported attendance at race events before acquiring the disease. Survey also identified differences in practises between case and control stables. Taken together, these results enable a better preparedness, diagnostics, and guidelines for future outbreaks.

show abstract

Geographic distribution and genetic characterization of poxviruses from human infections in Georgia, 2009–2014

Cited by 2 publications

References 13 publications

Equine dermatitis outbreak associated with parapoxvirus

Equine dermatitis outbreak associated with parapoxvirus

Equine dermatitis outbreak associated with parapoxvirus

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