Geographic differentiation of domesticated einkorn wheat and possible Neolithic migration routes

Brandolini, Andrea; Volante, Andrea; Heun, M.

doi:10.1038/hdy.2016.32

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…This location lies immediately east of the Kartal–Karadaǧ mountain range and is the region where the progenitor of einkorn survives until today ( Kilian et al, 2007 ). Furthermore, it has to be seen, if the A119T mutation led to the foundation of all known ‘eco-geographical’ or ‘geographical provenance’ groups/ lineages of domesticated einkorn ( Flaksberger, 1935 ; Dorofeev et al, 1979 ; Szabó and Hammer, 1996 ; Zaharieva and Monneveux, 2014 ; Brandolini et al, 2016 ). Re-sequencing of Btr1 and Btr2 in a comprehensive collection of wild and domesticated accessions from diverse regions will answer if the non-brittle einkorn is selected only once (A119T) or multiple times.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Origin of the Non-brittle Rachis Trait of Domesticated Einkorn Wheat

et al. 2018

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Einkorn and emmer wheat together with barley were among the first cereals domesticated by humans more than 10,000 years ago, long before durum or bread wheat originated. Domesticated einkorn wheat differs from its wild progenitor in basic morphological characters such as the grain dispersal system. This study identified the Non-brittle rachis 1 (btr1) and Non-brittle rachis 2 (btr2) in einkorn as homologous to barley. Re-sequencing of the Btr1 and Btr2 in a collection of 53 lines showed that a single non-synonymous amino acid substitution (alanine to threonine) at position 119 at btr1, is responsible for the non-brittle rachis trait in domesticated einkorn. Tracing this haplotype variation back to wild einkorn samples provides further evidence that the einkorn progenitor came from the Northern Levant. We show that the geographical origin of domesticated haplotype coincides with the non-brittle domesticated barley haplotypes, which suggest the non-brittle rachis phenotypes of einkorn and barley were fixed in same geographic area in today’s South-east Turkey.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today race beta occurs only in the Kartal–Karadaǧ and Karacadaǧ mountains. The diffusion of domesticated einkorn out of the Fertile Crescent was reconstructed based on archaeobotanical remains and genotyping data summarized by ( Zaharieva and Monneveux, 2014 ; Brandolini et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Origin of the Non-brittle Rachis Trait of Domesticated Einkorn Wheat

et al. 2018

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“…The development and improvement of large-scale genotyping-by-sequencing techniques allowed high-resolution analysis using SNP for phylogenetic, genetic diversity, and genomic selection in non-model organism investigations [ 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 ]. Our results demonstrate that DArT markers were very informative, as they provided high PIC values, call rate, and scoring reproducibility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Chromosomes to Genome: Insights into the Evolutionary Relationships and Biogeography of Old World Knifefishes (Notopteridae; Osteoglossiformes)

Barby

Ráb

Lavoué

et al. 2018

Genes

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In addition to its wide geographical distribution, osteoglossiform fishes represent one of the most ancient freshwater teleost lineages; making it an important group for systematic and evolutionary studies. These fishes had a Gondwanan origin and their past distribution may have contributed to the diversity present in this group. However, cytogenetic and genomic data are still scarce, making it difficult to track evolutionary trajectories within this order. In addition, their wide distribution, with groups endemic to different continents, hinders an integrative study that allows a globalized view of its evolutionary process. Here, we performed a detailed chromosomal analysis in Notopteridae fishes, using conventional and advanced molecular cytogenetic methods. Moreover, the genetic distances of examined species were assessed by genotyping using diversity arrays technology sequencing (DArTseq). These data provided a clear picture of the genetic diversity between African and Asian Notopteridae species, and were highly consistent with the chromosomal, geographical, and historical data, enlightening their evolutionary diversification. Here, we discuss the impact of continental drift and split of Pangea on their recent diversity, as well as the contribution to biogeographical models that explain their distribution, highlighting the role of the Indian subcontinent in the evolutionary process within the family.

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“…Although Curland et al (6) pinpointed the best method so far for evaluating the genetic diversity of X. translucens strains, the exploration was limited to North American strains, thus leaving the Old World population of the pathogen uninvestigated. Considering that the center of origin of cultivated wheat was determined to be in the Karacadag Mountains in southeastern Turkey (10,11), a large-scale phylogenetic analysis is warranted to shed light on the population structure and diversity parameters of X. translucens in the Old World and to provide a global-scale phylogeography of the species. While field symptoms resembling BLS infection have occasionally been observed for a long time on barley and wheat in Iran, the presence of X. translucens was scientifically first described in Kerman Province (southern Iran) in 1983 (12).…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular Typing Reveals High Genetic Diversity of Xanthomonas translucens Strains Infecting Small-Grain Cereals in Iran

Khojasteh

Taghavi

Khodaygan

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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This study provides a phylogeographic insight into the population diversity of Xanthomonas translucens strains causing bacterial leaf streak disease of small-grain cereals in Iran. Among the 65 bacterial strains isolated from wheat, barley, and gramineous weeds in eight Iranian provinces, multilocus sequence analysis and typing (MLSA and MLST) of four housekeeping genes (dnaK, fyuA, gyrB, and rpoD), identified 57 strains as X. translucens pv. undulosa, while eight strains were identified as X. translucens pv. translucens. Although the pathogenicity patterns on oat and ryegrass weed species varied among the strains, all X. translucens pv. undulosa strains were pathogenic on barley, Harding’s grass, rye (except for XtKm35) and wheat, and all X. translucens pv. translucens strains were pathogenic on barley and Harding’s grass, while none of the latter group was pathogenic on rye or wheat (except for XtKm18). MLST using the 65 strains isolated in Iran, as well as the sequences of the four genes from 112 strains of worldwide origin retrieved from the GenBank database, revealed higher genetic diversity (i.e., haplotype frequency, haplotype diversity, and percentage of polymorphic sites) among the Iranian population of X. translucens than among the North American strains of the pathogen. High genetic diversity of the BLS pathogen in Iran was in congruence with the fact that the Iranian Plateau is considered the center of origin of cultivated wheat. However, further studies using larger collections of strains are warranted to precisely elucidate the global population diversity and center of origin of the pathogen. IMPORTANCE Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) of small-grain cereals (i.e., wheat and barley) is one of the economically important diseases of gramineous crops worldwide. The disease occurs in many countries across the globe, with particular importance in regions characterized by high levels of precipitation. Two genetically distinct xanthomonads—namely, Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa and X. translucens pv. translucens—have been reported to cause BLS disease on small-grain cereals. As seed-borne pathogens, the causal agents are included in the A2 list of quarantine pathogens by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). Despite its global distribution and high economic importance, the population structure, genetic diversity, and phylogeography of X. translucens remain undetermined. This study, using MLSA and MLST, provides a global-scale phylogeography of X. translucens strains infecting small-grain cereals. Based on the diversity parameters, neutrality indices, and population structure, we observe higher genetic diversity of the BLS pathogen in Iran, which is geographically close to the center of origin of common wheat, than has so far been observed in other areas of the world, including North America. The results obtained in this study provide a novel insight into the genetic diversity and population structure of the BLS pathogen of small-grain cereals on a global scale.

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Geographic differentiation of domesticated einkorn wheat and possible Neolithic migration routes

Cited by 23 publications

References 45 publications

On the Origin of the Non-brittle Rachis Trait of Domesticated Einkorn Wheat

On the Origin of the Non-brittle Rachis Trait of Domesticated Einkorn Wheat

From Chromosomes to Genome: Insights into the Evolutionary Relationships and Biogeography of Old World Knifefishes (Notopteridae; Osteoglossiformes)

Molecular Typing Reveals High Genetic Diversity of Xanthomonas translucens Strains Infecting Small-Grain Cereals in Iran

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