Geographic and socioeconomic variation in meningococcal disease: a rural/urban comparison

Olowokure, Babatunde; Onions, Helen; Patel, Divya; Hooson, Joanne; O'Neill, Patricia

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2005.01.013

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…33,34 As well, variation in meningococcal disease burden among geographicandsocioeconomicsubgroupshas Higher education C been described, revealing an increased incidence of meningococcal disease in areas of social deprivation. 35,36 The socioeconomic pattern of meningococcal disease incidence accords with our finding of lower educational achievement among siblings and parents of meningococcal meningitis patients compared with the general population. Social deprivation in families of meningococcal meningitis patients thereby seems to be a strong predictorfortheireventuallowereducational status-even stronger than the meningococcal meningitis episode itself.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Educational Achievement and Economic Self-sufficiency in Adults After Childhood Bacterial Meningitis

Roed¹,

Omland²,

Skinhøj³

et al. 2013

JAMA

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Importance To our knowledge, no previous study has examined functioning in adult life among persons who had bacterial meningitis in childhood. Objective To study educational achievement and economic self-sufficiency in adults diagnosed as having bacterial meningitis in childhood. Design, Setting, and Participants Nationwide population-based cohort study using national registries of Danish-born children diagnosed as having meningococcal, pneumococcal, or Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in the period 1977-2007 (n=2784 patients). Comparison cohorts from the same population individually matched on age and sex were identified, as were siblings of all study participants. End of study period was 2010. Main Outcomes and Measures Cumulative incidences of completed vocational education, high school education, higher education, time to first full year of economic self-sufficiency, and receipt of disability pension and differences in these outcomes at age 35 years among meningitis patients, comparison cohorts, and siblings. Results By age 35 years, among persons who had a history of childhood meningococcal (n=1338), pneumococcal (n=455), and H influenzae (n=991) meningitis, an estimated 11.0% (41.5% vs 52.5%; 95% CI, 7.3%-14.7%), 10.2% (42.6% vs 52.8%; 95% CI, 3.8%-16.6%), and 5.5% (47.7% vs 53.2%; 95% CI, 1.9%-9.1%) fewer persons, respectively, had completed high school and 7.9% (29.3% vs 37.2%; 95% CI, 1.6%-14.2%), 8.9% (28.1% vs 37.0%; 95% CI, 0.6%-17.2%), and 6.5% (33.5% vs 40.0%; 95% CI, 1.4%-11.6%) fewer had attained a higher education compared with individuals from the comparison cohort. Siblings of meningococcal meningitis patients also had lower educational achievements, while educational achievements of siblings of pneumococcal and H influenzae meningitis patients did not differ substantially from those in the general population. At end of follow-up, 3.8% (90.3% vs 94.1%; 95% CI, 1.1%-6.5%), 10.6% (84.0% vs 94.6%; 95% CI, 5.1%-16.1%), and 4.3% (90.6% vs 94.9%; 95% CI, 2.0%-6.6%) fewer meningococcal, pneumococcal, and H influenzae meningitis patients were economically self-sufficient and 1.5% (3.7% vs 2.3%; 95% CI, Ϫ0.2% to 3.2%), 8.7% (10.0% vs 1.3%; 95% CI, 5.0%-12.4%), and 3.7% (6.2% vs 2.5%; 95% CI, 1.6%-5.8%) more received disability pension compared with individuals from the comparison cohort. Conclusions and Relevance In a Danish population, bacterial meningitis in childhood was associated with lower educational achievement and economic selfsufficiency in adult life. This association may apply particularly to pneumococcal and H influenzae meningitis, whereas for meningococcal meningitis the lower educational achievement may be family-related.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Educational Achievement and Economic Self-sufficiency in Adults After Childhood Bacterial Meningitis

Roed¹,

Omland²,

Skinhøj³

et al. 2013

JAMA

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“…Under these circumstances it is wise to keep a close watch on the health of especially rural populations. Most studies dealing with urban-rural health differences in Western Europe are based on people's perceived general health and/or are limited to specific health problems or focus on specific subgroups in the population (see for instance: [Iversen et al, 2005], [Koskimaki et al, 1998], [Lehtinen et al, 2003], [Minelli et al, 2007], [O'Reilly et al, 2007], [Olowokure et al, 2006] and [Paykel et al, 2003]). Very few studies on urban-rural health differences cover the whole population and the whole range of health problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban–rural health differences: primary care data and self reported data render different results

et al. 2010

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GP electronic medical records may be used to monitor the health of rural populations. These data can be obtained relatively quickly and easily and against acceptable cost. However, they do not give the same outcomes as health interview surveys. Reasons for this discrepancy may be; differences in the accessibility of specialist services and help seeking behaviour between urban and rural populations.

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“…The information from participants clearly demonstrated the role of poor economic condition as a risk factor for recurrent epidemic meningitis in the study areas (Aliero and Jega LGAs). The role of economic factors has been documented in the literature regarding resilience or individual and community vulnerabilities to infectious disease transmission [19–21]. Specifically, some studies have linked poor household income, unemployment, use of firewood for cooking and neighbourhood social deprivation role in the perpetuation of respiratory diseases and other communicable diseases epidemic [19–21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental, economic and socio-cultural risk factors of recurrent seasonal epidemics of cerebrospinal meningitis in Kebbi state, northwestern Nigeria: a qualitative approach

et al. 2018

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BackgroundKebbi State remains the epicentre of the seasonal epidemic meningitis in northwestern Nigeria despite interventions. In this setting, no previous study has been conducted to understand the risk factors of the recurrent meningitis epidemics using qualitative approach. Consequently, this study intends to explore and better understand the environmental, economic and socio-cultural factors of recurrent seasonal epidemic meninigitis using a qualitative approach.MethodsWe conducted in-depth interview (40 IDIs) and focus group discussions (6 FGDs) in two local government areas (LGAs) in Kebbi State, Northwestern Nigeria to understand the environmental, economic and socio-cultural factors of recurrent meningitis outbreaks. Routine surveillance data were used to guide the selection of settlements, wards and local government areas based on the frequency of re-occurrences and magnitude of the outbreaks.ResultsThe discussions revealed certain elements capable of potentiating the recurrence of seasonal meningitis epidemics. These are environmental issues, such as poorly-designed built environment, crowded sleeping and poorly ventilated rooms, dry and dusty weather condition. Other elements were economic challenges, such as poor household living conditions, neighbourhood deprivation, and socio-cultural elements, such as poor healthcare seeking behaviour, social mixing patterns, inadequate vaccination and vaccine hesitancy.ConclusionAs suggested by participants, there are potential environmental, socio-cultural and economic factors in the study area that might have been driving recurrent epidemics of cerebrospinal meningitis. In a bid to addressing this perennial challenge, governments at various levels supported by health development partners such as the World Health Organisation (WHO), United Nation Habitat, and United National Development Programme can use the findings of this study to design policies and programmes targeting these factors towards complementing other preventive and control strategies.

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Geographic and socioeconomic variation in meningococcal disease: a rural/urban comparison

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Educational Achievement and Economic Self-sufficiency in Adults After Childhood Bacterial Meningitis

Educational Achievement and Economic Self-sufficiency in Adults After Childhood Bacterial Meningitis

Urban–rural health differences: primary care data and self reported data render different results

Environmental, economic and socio-cultural risk factors of recurrent seasonal epidemics of cerebrospinal meningitis in Kebbi state, northwestern Nigeria: a qualitative approach

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