Geographic and socioeconomic differences in heat-related mortality among the Dutch population: a time series analysis

Abstract

ObjectivesThis study was conducted to examine modification in heat-related mortality in the Netherlands by sociodemographic and geographical factors including socioeconomic position and population density (PD).DesignThis observational study applied time series analysis on daily mortality counts according to mean daily temperature (°C).SettingStatistics Netherlands.ParticipantsDeath registrations in 2006, 2018 and 2019 from residents registered at the Dutch Personal Records Database, restricted to deaths in the period between April and October.Main outcome measuresAssuming a V-like relation between temperature and mortality, a segmented linear model was used to estimate the temperature effects on mortality. In order to estimate the effects of severe heat, a second model including a heat threshold of 22°C was included in the model. We stratified by sociodemographic groups, calendar year and the five main causes of death (cardiovascular, respiratory, neoplasm, psychological and nervous system, and other) and controlled for time trend and seasonality.ResultsThe effect of 1°C increase in temperature whereby the mean daily temperature exceeded 16°C was a 1.57% (95% CI 1.51% to 1.63%) increase in mortality among the total population. In temperature segments whereby the mean daily temperature exceeded 22°C, this effect was 2.84% (95% CI 2.73% to 2.93%). Low-income groups were at higher risk of heat-related mortality, compared with high-income groups. Areas with a high PD show relatively weak effects within both the warm and heat segments.ConclusionResults of this study highlight the variation in terms of heat vulnerability among the Dutch population, whereby poor living conditions specifically may increase the effect on high temperature on mortality.

A population-based case-control analysis of risk factors associated with mortality during the 2021 western North American heat dome: focus on chronic conditions and social vulnerability

“…• C[64]. A more recent study in the Netherlands during 2006, 2018 and 2019 linked death records to household income from tax registries[65]. It reported a 2.60% [2.27%, 2.93%] higher mortality rate among the lowest income group compared with a 0.77% [0.32%, 0.92%] higher mortality rate among the highest income group for every 1 • C increase in temperature above 16 • C[65].…”

O impacto das ondas de frio e de calor na mortalidade em São Paulo: uma análise espaço-temporal do excesso de mortalidade de pessoas com 65 anos ou mais de idade

“…Para verificarmos a associação entre a mortalidade e o contexto socioeconômico durante dias de calor extremos e de uma onda de calor específica escolhemos a variável renda (variável do Censo 2010 do IBGE: Valor do rendimento mensal médio das pessoas responsáveis por domicílios particulares permanentes; o valor do salário-mínimo em 2010 era de R$510, 00). A renda já foi utilizada anteriormente na associação entre temperatura do ar e a mortalidade (HONDULA et al, 2015;AHRENFELDT et al, 2020;VISSER;KUNST;FLEISCHMANN, 2022;BAKHTSIYARAVA et al, 2023). Neste capítulo, agregamos e classificamos a variável renda em três grupos por área de ponderação: (a) baixa renda (até aproximadamente 3 salários-mínimospercentil 60), (b) classe média (entre 3,1 a 9 salários mínimos), e (c) alta renda (acima de 9,1 salários mínimospercentil 90).…”

“…A prevenção é possível mediante a identificação das áreas e indivíduos mais vulneráveis para a adoção de medidas de adaptação, políticas públicas de saúde e melhorias na infraestrutura urbana e habitacional. Estudos indicam(HONDULA et al, 2015;AHRENFELDT et al, 2020;MIN et al, 2021;VISSER;KUNST;FLEISCHMANN, 2022;BAKHTSIYARAVA et al, 2023) que o excesso de mortalidade acontece principalmente entre pessoas com 65 anos ou mais de idade e também em áreas com grandes desigualdades sociais e econômicas. As disparidades entre classes de rendimento exercem impactos tanto diretos quanto indiretos sobre a saúde da população.…”