Geographic and Reactive Routing Protocols for MANET

Srivastava, Ashutosh; Kumar, Deepak; Gupta, S. C.

doi:10.1109/ems.2013.98

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The reactive routing protocol, also known as on-demand, only performs the routing procedure when a request for the path occurs [22]. This is suitable for mobile ad-hoc networks, but each path setting requires a search of the entire network, making it inappropriate for real-time communication due to long delays and the generation of a lot of control traffic.…”

Section: Mobile Ad-hoc Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Topology Reconstruction Protocol for UAV Swarm Networking

Park

Lee²,

Lee³

2020

Symmetry

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Along with the fourth industrial revolution, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) has grown very rapidly over the past decade. With this rapid growth, studies using UAVs are underway in various areas. UAVs are more economical and effective when utilizing several nodes rather than operating a single aircraft. In general, UAVs collect and transmit information to the control center (CC), and act on control commands from the CC. Communication between UAVs and the control center is usually achieved using modules such as radio frequency (RF), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) and cellular. However, when multiple UAVs communicate directly with the CC, the limitations of communication technologies and problems with increasing nodes occur. To address these points, several studies have constructed an ad-hoc network of UAVs to address the limitations of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth communication range, or the high cost of cellular systems. However, previous studies have constructed fixed topology ad-hoc networks. These studies did not take into account the problem of changing network topology due to the rapid mobility and frequent formation changes of UAVs. Due to this, limits occurred such that UAVs moved only in the pre-built topology. In this paper, we propose a dynamic topology construction protocol for UAV swarms to address this problem. The main contents of this paper are as follows. We first look at the research and limitations of existing UAV communications, and propose a protocol to solve this problem. This paper proposes a protocol for UAV construction of ad-hoc networks when trying to perform missions using multiple UAVs, and also describes how the changed network topology is reconstructed when network topology changes due to changes in flight formation. Finally, we establish a situation and apply the proposed protocol, analyze the results and describe further required research.

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Section: Mobile Ad-hoc Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Topology Reconstruction Protocol for UAV Swarm Networking

Park

Lee²,

Lee³

2020

Symmetry

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“…List state routing and grid distance vector routing is the two most fundamental algorithm to derive MANET. Most routing algorithms for MANET are loaded with the GPS system to provide their geo-location information [7][8][9]. Grid distance between the UEs is measured using the geographical information of the UE.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The UE's movement is the similar as equations (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). As long as UE do not move from one grid to other, its remain stable, but as soon as it changes grid, this UE sends broadcast information to other UEs.…”

Section: Fig 3 Logical Grid Locationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Grid based Bio-Inspired Energy Efficient Trusted Hybrid Routing Protocol for MANET

M.*¹,

Phanikumar²

2019

IJRTE

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Device to device (D2D) data communication in cellular wireless network can be done either directly from source equipment (SE) to destination equipment (DE) or through relay equipment (RE). This type of network mainly known as Wireless ad hoc networks. Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) have constraints such as such as limited power, route failure, bandwidth allocation, and computational complexity. The major impact on the performance of network depends on routing strategy. Routing strategy for matching the multi constraints of network is so far challenge in conventional network. MANETs suffers from dynamic movement of node, power, dynamic routing and storage complexity. Dynamic movement force the computation of re-routing, which act as extra computational burden on the system. In this paper, we propose the Grid Cluster based Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm for Energy Efficient Trusted Network (gCMOGAEETN) algorithm for finding optimal routes from a given SE to a given DE. Our simulation results show that gCMOGAEETN algorithms are efficient in solving these routing problems and are capable of finding the optimal solutions at lower complexity than the ’brute-force’ exhaustive search, when the number of user equipment (UEs) is higher than or equal to 50. The analytical and simulation result shows that proposed method exhibit significantly higher performance than optimal adaptive forwarding strategy (OAFS), sub-optimal adaptive forwarding strategy (SAFS), memory enhanced genetic algorithm (MEGA), Elitism-based Immigrants Genetic algorithm (EIGA), dynamic load-balanced clustering problem (DLBCP) and Genetic Algorithm Based Optimization of Clustering (GABOC)..

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“…While there is an urgent demand for routing, one of the nodes in the network desires to forward a packet (and there is no working route to the destination), and on-demand or reactive routing protocols update routing information. 7 Further, route discovery messages can be exchanged and forwarded to the packets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing multi‐path routing protocol in MANET using hybrid SM‐CSBO based on novel multi‐objective function

Jeyaraj¹,

Justindhas²,

Aliar³

2022

Int J Communication

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SummaryOne of the infrastructure‐free networks is mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) that are built with limited battery life using wireless mobile devices. This restricted battery capability in MANETs creates the necessity of considering the energy‐awareness constraint in designing them. As routing protocols, the major aim of MANETs is to create the energy awareness in the network; it improves the network's lifetime through effectively utilizing the available restricted energy. Moreover, it creates some limitations like the mobility constraint, wireless link's sensitivity to environmental impacts, and restricted transmission range and residual energy of nodes that causes rapid modifications in the network topology and frequent link failure. By taking those problems, this paper plans to develop a new multipath routing protocol, where the hybrid optimization algorithm with the integration of cuckoo search optimization (CSO) and butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA) is proposed and named sensory modality‐based cuckoo search butterfly optimization (SM‐CSBO) for determining the optimal path between the source and destination. The main goal is to select the path with better link quality and more stable links to guarantee reliable data transmission. The multi‐objective function is considered with the factors regarding distance, normalized energy, packet delivery ratio, and control overhead to develop an effective routing protocol in MANET. The proposed model of SM‐CSBO algorithm has superior than 5.8%, 30.4%, 36.7%, and 39.3%, correspondingly maximized than PSO, SFO, CSO, and SFO algorithms while considering the number of nodes as 150. The simulation outcomes proved that it enhances network performance when compared with the other traditional protocols.

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Geographic and Reactive Routing Protocols for MANET

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Dynamic Topology Reconstruction Protocol for UAV Swarm Networking

Dynamic Topology Reconstruction Protocol for UAV Swarm Networking

Grid based Bio-Inspired Energy Efficient Trusted Hybrid Routing Protocol for MANET

Developing multi‐path routing protocol in MANET using hybrid SM‐CSBO based on novel multi‐objective function

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