Geodynamic evolution of the Caucasus and adjacent areas in Alpine time

Gamkrelidze, Irakli

doi:10.1016/0040-1951(86)90064-8

Cited by 95 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Early Oligocene and early Miocene igneous rock associations evolved from high-K calc-alkaline to alkaline compositions. This is consistent with termination of subductionrelated arc magmatism and transition to postcollisional magmatism in relatively warm and attenuated crust (Jahangiri, 2007;Ballato and others, 2011;Gamkrelidze, 1986;Hou and others, 2011). This magmatic event is part of the Azerbaijan tract of the lesser Caucasus and northern Iran described in this section.…”

Section: Tectonic Settingsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…In the Lesser Caucasus, Jurassic-Cretaceous subduction along the new Eurasian margin created an island-to continental-arc and back-arc setting in the Transcaucasus Terrane (Kekelia and others, 2001;Şengör and others, 1993;Şengör and others, 1991). Intense magmatism occurred along this arc, which is also known as the Somkheto-Karabakh Arc delimited here by the Cimmeride Lesser Caucasus tract (Gamkrelidze, 1986;Sosson and others, 2010b).…”

Section: Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…This compressional regime prevails today and is expressed as an active northwest-trending and south-vergent fold-and-thrust belt. Associated west-northwest dextral and east-northeast sinistral transpressional faults parallel the North and East Anatolian Faults, and north-northeast-south-southwesttrending normal structures parallel the main compression direction (Gamkrelidze, 1986;Bozkurt and Mittweide, 2001). These structures control large volcanic edifices, which form a trail that extends into the Greater Caucasus ( fig.…”

Section: Eastern Turkey Lesser Caucasus and Northwestern Iranmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Porphyry copper assessment of the Tethys region of western and southern Asia: Chapter V in <i>Global mineral resource assessment</i>

Zürcher¹,

Bookstrom²,

Hammarstrom³

et al. 2015

Scientific Investigations Report

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For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS (1-888-275-8747).For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod.To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov.Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report.Suggested citation: Zürcher, L., Bookstrom A.A., Hammarstrom, J.M., Mars, J.C., Ludington, S., Zientek, M.L., Dunlap, P., and Wallis, J.C., with contributions from Drew, L.J., Sutphin, D.M., Berger, B.R., Herrington, R.J., Billa, M., Kuşcu, I., Moon, C.J. ,and Richards, J.P., 2015, Porphyry copper assessment of the Tethys region of western and southern Asia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5090-V, 232 p., and spatial data, http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20105090V. AbstractA probabilistic mineral resource assessment of undiscovered resources in porphyry copper deposits in the

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Section: Tectonic Settingsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Eastern Turkey Lesser Caucasus and Northwestern Iranmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Porphyry copper assessment of the Tethys region of western and southern Asia: Chapter V in <i>Global mineral resource assessment</i>

Zürcher¹,

Bookstrom²,

Hammarstrom³

et al. 2015

Scientific Investigations Report

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show abstract

“…The Caucasus orogen is caused by the north directed movement of the Arabian plate squeezing a Jurassic to Early Palaeogene subduction related volcanic arc (Lesser Caucasus) as well as Jurassic to Pliocene marine sedimentary rocks and sediments (northern Lesser Caucasus, substratum of KuraKartli Basins and Greater Caucasus Basin) towards the Scythian plate (Gamkrelidze 1986;Nikishin et al 2001;Stampfli et al 2001;Popov et al 2004;Hafkenscheid et al 2006;Kazmin & Tikhonova 2006;Sosson et al 2010). Recent plate tectonic models and GPS-based convergence rates (Gamkrelidze & Kuloshvili 1998;Vernant et al 2004;Reilinger et al 2006;Kadirov et al 2008) suggest a moderate anticlockwise rotational component of convergence and a complex plate boundary with vertical and horizontal strain partitioning (Jackson 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cenozoic-Recent tectonics and uplift in the Greater Caucasus: a perspective from Azerbaijan

et al. 2010

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The Greater Caucasus is Europe's highest mountain belt and results from the inversion of the Greater Caucasus back-arc-type basin due to the collision of Arabia and Eurasia. The orogenic processes that led to the present mountain chain started in the Early Cenozoic, accelerated during the Plio-Pleistocene, and are still active as shown from present GPS studies and earthquake distribution. The Greater Caucasus is a doubly verging fold-and-thrust belt, with a pro-and a retro wedge actively propagating into the foreland sedimentary basin of the Kura to the south and the Terek to the north, respectively. Based on tectonic geomorphology -active and abandoned thrust fronts -the mountain range can be subdivided into several zones with different uplift amounts and rates with very heterogeneous strain partitioning. The central part of the mountain range -defined by the Main Caucasus Thrust to the south and backthrusts to the north -forms a triangular-shape zone showing the highest uplift and fastest rates, and is due to thrusting over a steep tectonic ramp system at depth. The meridional orogenic in front of the Greater Caucasus in Azerbaijan lies at the foothills of the Lesser Caucasus, to the south of the Kura foreland basin.

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“…This is due to the stress-strain behavior (e.g., lateral unloading due to valley erosion coupled with tectonic stress and cooling of the pyroclastics falls) and to the typical petrographical and physical properties of the soft rocks (e.g., chemical and mineralogical composition, grain size, shape, thickness, homogeneity, porosity, permeability, type of cement). The presence of brittle volcanic and pyroclastic rocks in the area, as a general rule, promotes blocky rock masses due to high frequency of discontinuities of various origins (Gamkrelidze 1986). A geomechanical characterization of discontinuities has been done along the entire study area in order to describe the structural setting of the area and recognize eventual master joints.…”

Section: Geo-structural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Landslide hazard, monitoring and conservation strategy for the safeguard of Vardzia Byzantine monastery complex, Georgia

et al. 2015

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This paper reports preliminary results of a feasibility project developed in cooperation with National Agency for Cultural Heritage Preservation of Georgia, and aimed at envisaging the stability conditions of the Vardzia monastery slope (rupestrian city cave in the south-western Georgia). The aim is the implementation of a low-impact monitoring system together with long-term mitigation/conservation policies. A field analysis was conducted to reconstruct geometry of the rocky cliff, characteristics of discontinuities, main failure modes, and volume of potential unstable blocks and geomechanical parameters. Instability processes are the combination of causative factors such as the following: lithology, frequency and orientation of discontinuities, slope orientation, physical and mechanical characteristics of slope-forming materials, and morphological and hydrological boundary conditions. The combined adoption of different survey techniques (e.g., 3D laser scanner, ground-based radar interferometry) could be the best solution in the interdisciplinary field of cultural heritage preservation policies. The collected data will be the basis for future activities to be completed in collaboration with local authorities for a complete hazard and risk characterization for the monastery site and the development of an early warning system to allow safe exploitation for touristic activities and for historical site preservation.

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Geodynamic evolution of the Caucasus and adjacent areas in Alpine time

Cited by 95 publications

References 8 publications

Porphyry copper assessment of the Tethys region of western and southern Asia: Chapter V in <i>Global mineral resource assessment</i>

Porphyry copper assessment of the Tethys region of western and southern Asia: Chapter V in <i>Global mineral resource assessment</i>

Cenozoic-Recent tectonics and uplift in the Greater Caucasus: a perspective from Azerbaijan

Landslide hazard, monitoring and conservation strategy for the safeguard of Vardzia Byzantine monastery complex, Georgia

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