Geodiversity of Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark: Hydrogeological Significance of Groundwater and Landscape Interaction and Conceptual Model of Functioning

Portillo, África de la Hera; López-Gutiérrez, Julio; Moreno-Merino, Luis; Llorente, Miguel; Fensham, Rod; Fernández, Mario; Ghanem, Marwan; Salman, Karmah; Sánchez-Fabián, Jose Ángel; Gallego-Rojas, Nicolás; Corral, Ma Mar; Galindo, Elena; Chamizo-Borreguero, Manuela; Laftouhi, Nour‐Eddine

doi:10.3390/resources12010014

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The Agriculture is the economic support. Some relevant industries exits in Aguilar de Campoo, and the tourist companies around the Palentina Mountain [2].…”

Section: Methodology 21 Las Loras Uggp Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sedimentary materials of Las Loras UGGp is formed by an almost complete record from the Upper Triassic to the Paleogene [2]. The Keuper facies appears on the main faults acting as a detachment layer with high plasticity.…”

Section: Methodology 21 Las Loras Uggp Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moorlands have formed on extensive platforms of carbonate materials [2]. They form the Páramo de la Lora de Valdivia and la Pata del Cid in the northern half of the study area.…”

Section: Moorlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two types of aquifers are distinguished in the study area: an permeable unconfined aquifer; and a deep confined or semi-confined aquifer [2] made up of permeable materials of Jurassic age.…”

Section: Main Aquifers Identified and Hydrogeological Model Of Functi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in the Knowledge of Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark in the Framework of the UNESCO IGCP-730 Project

et al. 2023

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“…The Agriculture is the economic support. Some relevant industries exits in Aguilar de Campoo, and the tourist companies around the Palentina Mountain [2].…”

Section: Methodology 21 Las Loras Uggp Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodology 21 Las Loras Uggp Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moorlands have formed on extensive platforms of carbonate materials [2]. They form the Páramo de la Lora de Valdivia and la Pata del Cid in the northern half of the study area.…”

Section: Moorlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Main Aquifers Identified and Hydrogeological Model Of Functi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in the Knowledge of Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark in the Framework of the UNESCO IGCP-730 Project

et al. 2023

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Recognition of Potential Geosites Utilizing a Hydrological Model within Qualitative–Quantitative Assessment of Geodiversity in the Manawatu River Catchment, New Zealand

Zakharovskyi

Németh

2023

Geographies

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Hydrology is one of the most influential elements of geodiversity, where geology and geomorphology stand as the main values of abiotic nature. Hydrological erosion created by river systems destructing rock formations (eluvial process) from streams’ sources and then transporting and redepositing (alluvial process) the rock debris into the main river channels, make it an ongoing transformation element of the abiotic environment along channel networks. Hence, this manuscript demonstrates the influence of hydrological elements on geosite recognition, specifically for qualitative–quantitative assessment of geodiversity, which is based on a combination of geological and geomorphological values. In this concept, a stream system will be treated as an additional element. The basement area of the Manawatu Region has been utilized as the territory for the research of hydrological assessment. The region is in the southern part of the North Island of New Zealand and has relatively low geological and geomorphological values and diversity. The Strahler order parameter will be demonstrated as a hydrological element for geodiversity assessment. This parameter has been chosen as one of the most common and acceptable within geographical information system (GIS) environments. The result of this assessment compares the influences of Strahler order on qualitative–quantitative assessment of geodiversity and provides its drawbacks. Additionally, the places with high values will be considered for more accurate field observation to be nominated as potential geosites with an opportunity for geoeducational and geotouristic significance.

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Interactions Evaluation between the Jouamaa Hakama Groundwater and Ouljat Echatt River in the North of Morocco, Using Hydrochemical Modeling, Multivariate Statistics and GIS

Azzirgue

Cherif

Azhari

et al. 2023

Water

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The processed discharges from Tangier Automotive City’s (TAC) Chrafate Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) contaminate the Jouamaa Hakama groundwater and the Ouljat Echatt river. We aimed to study the unknown interactions between surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW). A total of nine Jouamaa Hakama GW samples and eleven Ouljat Echatt SW samples were taken and analyzed in 2021 and 2022 to determine 16 physical and chemical parameters (pH, temperature (T), electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), total hardness (TH), turbidity (TURB), and total dissolved solids (TDS), cations: Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, anions: Cl−, CO32−, HCO3−, NO3−, and SO42−). For exploitation of the data, we used a methodology based on hydrochemical modeling (HM), principal component analysis (PCA), Water Quality Index (WQI), Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI), inverse distance weighted interpolation (IDW) using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and regression analysis (RA). We studied the interaction of the surface water of the river (contaminated by discharges from the WWTP) with the shallow groundwater on a strip of 100 m on either side of the river to understand the transverse and longitudinal dispersion of this pollution The investigations indicated that the major ions found in GW and SW were characterized in a different order in the anion list order Cl− > CO32− > NO3− > HCO3− > SO42− and Cl− > SO42− > CO32− > NO3− > HCO3−, respectively, while the concentrations of cations showed the same order for both: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+. As a result, GW showed in the Piper diagram the type of sodium chloride to magnesium carbonate, while SW belongs to the sodium chloride to magnesium sulfate type. The WQI showed that the river waters are all unsuitable for use (WQI > 100), while the GW is of poor quality (WQI > 76). Moreover, the results of the GW–SW interaction along the river revealed a significant relationship (R² = 0.85), which means that strong circulation and the infiltration of contaminated SW into shallow GW occur in this area. The approaches followed have been proven effective in evaluating water quality for human and animal uses. These results can help decision-makers in the region take suitable management measures to mitigate this environmental problem.

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Geodiversity of Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark: Hydrogeological Significance of Groundwater and Landscape Interaction and Conceptual Model of Functioning

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Advances in the Knowledge of Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark in the Framework of the UNESCO IGCP-730 Project

Advances in the Knowledge of Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark in the Framework of the UNESCO IGCP-730 Project

Recognition of Potential Geosites Utilizing a Hydrological Model within Qualitative–Quantitative Assessment of Geodiversity in the Manawatu River Catchment, New Zealand

Interactions Evaluation between the Jouamaa Hakama Groundwater and Ouljat Echatt River in the North of Morocco, Using Hydrochemical Modeling, Multivariate Statistics and GIS

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