Geodetic monitoring and geotechnical analyses of subsidence induced settlements of historic structures

Castagnetti, Cristina; Cosentini, Renato Maria; Lancellotta, Renato; Capra, Alessandro

doi:10.1002/stc.2030

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The Ghirlandina belltower, the Cathedral and the nearby Piazza Grande have been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997. The belltower is 89.32 metres tall and is characterized by strong visible deformations due to a complex construction history, the peculiar subsoil conditions and the effects of both natural and man induced subsidence [Castagnetti et al, 2017]. The aim of the measurement campaign was to demonstrate the use of GBSAR for non-destructive measurements of both the natural vibration frequencies of the belltower structure and those induced by the bell ringing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Destructive Monitoring Strategies of Historical Constructions and Tangible Culturale Heritage Based on Ground-Based Sar Interferometry

Nico¹,

Ricerche²,

Masci³

et al. 2018

ICIGIS

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Tangible cultural heritage, historical buildings and bridges have an important cultural significance and economic value within the tourism industry and the identity of local communities. The preservation and the assessment of their structural health are important issues which call for multidisciplinary teams and non-invasive monitoring techniques due the uniqueness and historical values of these man-made structures. Numerical models used to study the structural behavior of these historical buildings and bridges under different adverse conditions (e.g. intense traffic flow, natural hazard events, chemical pollution or simply aging) can benefit from accurate measurements of mechanical properties such as displacements and vibration frequencies, both bringing information about the static and dynamical behavior of such historical constructions. This work presents some results of structural monitoring of man-made structures by Ground-based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GBSAR) interferometry techniques. A ku-band GBSAR interferometer is used to derive displacement maps of the monitored target, with a sub-millimeter precisions. Furthermore, GBSAR interferometry is used to measure vibration frequencies of vertical and horizontal structures, such bell towers, towers, bridges and historical walls. The main advantage of this technique is its capability to operate in any weather and sun-illumination condition, in a truly Non-Destructive Monitoring (NDM) approach, i.e. without installing any reflector on the observed target.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Destructive Monitoring Strategies of Historical Constructions and Tangible Culturale Heritage Based on Ground-Based Sar Interferometry

Nico¹,

Ricerche²,

Masci³

et al. 2018

ICIGIS

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“…2). La presenza della massicciata consolidata ha fortemente limitato i cedimenti verso nord, favorendo l'inclinazione della torre verso sud, dove grava anche il peso del duomo e il terreno è meno consistente 7 . Dai dati a disposizione emerge che la rotazione complessiva della torre è di circa 0,9 gradi verso ovest e 0,7 gradi verso sud.…”

Section: La Torre Della Ghirlandina: Una Lunga Storia DI Inclinazioni...unclassified

Monitorare per conservare: il caso della Torre Ghirlandina di Modena

Coïsson

Ferrari²,

Zanazzi³

2023

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The monumental complex consisting of the cathedral, tower and main square of Modena (Northern Italy) has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997. The visible tilting of the Ghirlandina tower has always generated concerns for its preservation, even more after the recent seismic events. This paper highlights the role of structural monitoring for the conservation of the site, with particular reference to the data acquired during the recent Emilia earthquakes. Unexpectedly, the inclination of this leaning tower decreased after the major seismic event. Some considerations are presented regarding the difficulty of modelling this kind of effects on buildings with complex historical stratifications and the application of the observational method, derived from geotechnical engineering, is proposed. The importance of structural monitoring is once again recalled, in order to preserve world heritage and comply with the principle of minimum intervention.

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“…A series of monitoring instruments have been elaborated over the past decades for the measurement of engineering displacement fields. In terms of two-dimensional deformation-field measurement, such as slope slippage, subgrade subsidence, and bridge deformation, the main measurement instruments include inclinometers [ 6 ], LVTDs (linear variable differential transformers) [ 7 ], inductive displacement sensors [ 8 ], and multipoint extensometers [ 9 ]; GPS technology [ 10 ] and laser scanning technology [ 11 ] are mainly used to measure the three-dimensional deformation fields of dam reservoirs. However, the traditional instruments have single-measurement parameters and low precision, and they are active devices that are susceptible to electromagnetic interference and poor waterproof and moisture-proof performances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement-Error Analysis of Fiber Bragg Grating Flexible Sensor for Displacement-Field Monitoring of Geotechnical Engineering

Tian

Peng

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Monitoring geotechnical structures and providing real-time early warning is a key measure to mitigate the impacts of disasters (slope slip, subsidence, dam deformation, bridge settlement, etc.). The fiber Bragg grating (FBG) flexible sensor, developed by the combination of flexible material and an FBG sensor, is widely used in geotechnical engineering health monitoring due to its excellent performance. The flexible sensor can perform regional and quasi-distributed measurements of the displacement field of the measured structure, and accurately reflect the operating state of the engineering structure. However, in practical engineering applications, factors such as the strain-transfer rate between the flexible substrate and sensing points, the displacement reconstruction algorithm, and the arrangement interval of the sensing points can cause measurement error, which, in turn, leads to a decrease in the displacement-measurement accuracy. In this paper, the following analysis is performed by means of theoretical derivation and model establishment. The influence of the length, width, and thickness of the cemented layer, the shear modulus of the flexible substrate, and the radius of the groove on the strain-transfer rate were analyzed, and the referential parameters were determined. The displacement reconstruction algorithm is essentially a recursive algorithm, which inevitably introduces cumulative error; the relationship between the layout interval of the sensing points and the measurement error is discussed. Considering the fabrication cost of the sensor and the allowable range of error, a sensing-point-layout interval of 100 mm was chosen. The feasibility and effectiveness of the simulation theory were verified by carrying out deformation-sensing experiments on the developed FBG flexible sensor. The research results can theoretically guide the packaging and fabrication of the FBG flexible sensor, thereby improving the measurement accuracy of the flexible sensor for the measured structure.

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Geodetic monitoring and geotechnical analyses of subsidence induced settlements of historic structures

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Non-Destructive Monitoring Strategies of Historical Constructions and Tangible Culturale Heritage Based on Ground-Based Sar Interferometry

Non-Destructive Monitoring Strategies of Historical Constructions and Tangible Culturale Heritage Based on Ground-Based Sar Interferometry

Monitorare per conservare: il caso della Torre Ghirlandina di Modena

Measurement-Error Analysis of Fiber Bragg Grating Flexible Sensor for Displacement-Field Monitoring of Geotechnical Engineering

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