Geodetic investigation into the deformation of the Salton Trough

Crowell, B. W.; Bock, Yehuda; Sandwell, David T.; Fialko, Yuri

doi:10.1002/jgrb.50347

Cited by 36 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Surface creep appears to take place only north of the U.S.‐Mexico border, consistent with paleoseismic observations that show no evidence of slip except for the 1940 event just south of the border [ Thomas and Rockwell , ]. The rate is typically between 3 and 8 mm/yr and reaches a maximum of 9‐10 mm/yr toward the north, in good agreement with earlier observations [ Whitten , ; Lyons et al , ; Crowell et al , ].…”

Section: Geodetic Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geodetic constraints on frictional properties and earthquake hazard in the Imperial Valley, Southern California

Lindsey

Fialko

2016

JGR Solid Earth

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We analyze a suite of geodetic observations across the Imperial Fault in southern California that span all parts of the earthquake cycle. Coseismic and postseismic surface slips due to the 1979 M 6.6 Imperial Valley earthquake were recorded with trilateration and alignment surveys by Harsh (1982) and Crook et al. (1982), and interseismic deformation is measured using a combination of multiple interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR)‐viewing geometries and continuous and survey‐mode GPS. In particular, we combine more than 100 survey‐mode GPS velocities with InSAR data from Envisat descending tracks 84 and 356 and ascending tracks 77 and 306 (149 total acquisitions), processed using a persistent scatterers method. The result is a dense map of interseismic velocities across the Imperial Fault and surrounding areas that allows us to evaluate the rate of interseismic loading and along‐strike variations in surface creep. We compare available geodetic data to models of the earthquake cycle with rate‐ and state‐dependent friction and find that a complete record of the earthquake cycle is required to constrain key fault properties including the rate‐dependence parameter (a − b) as a function of depth, the extent of shallow creep, and the recurrence interval of large events. We find that the data are inconsistent with a high (>30 mm/yr) slip rate on the Imperial Fault and investigate the possibility that an extension of the San Jacinto‐Superstition Hills Fault system through the town of El Centro may accommodate a significant portion of the slip previously attributed to the Imperial Fault. Models including this additional fault are in better agreement with the available observations, suggesting that the long‐term slip rate of the Imperial Fault is lower than previously suggested and that there may be a significant unmapped hazard in the western Imperial Valley.

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Section: Geodetic Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geodetic constraints on frictional properties and earthquake hazard in the Imperial Valley, Southern California

Lindsey

Fialko

2016

JGR Solid Earth

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“…where indexes i and j correspond to spatial coordinates, t i is the velocity with respect to the grid point, e ij is the velocity gradient tensor, u i is the individual GPS velocities, and Dx j is the baseline between each station and the grid point (Shen et al 1996;Allmendinger et al 2007;Crowell et al 2013). The following inverse problem is set up to solve for the velocity gradient tensor ¼ Gl …”

Section: Strain Rate Computationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous strain regime in the eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau and its tectonic implications

Meng

et al. 2015

Earthq Sci

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The eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau is one of the most active zones of tectonic deformation and seismicity in China. To monitor strain buildup and benefit seismic risk assessment, we constructed 14 survey-mode global position system (GPS) stations throughout the northwest of Longmenshan fault. A new GPS field over 1999-2011 is derived from measurements of the newly built and pre-existing stations in this region. Sequentially, two strain rate fields, one preceding and the other following the 2008 M W 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, are obtained using the Gausian weighting approach. Strain field over 1999-2007 shows distinct strain partitioning prior to the 2008 M W 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, with compression spreading over around Longmenshan area. Strain field derived from the two measurements in 2009 and 2011 shows that the area around Longmenshan continues to be under striking compression, as the pattern preceding the Wenchuan earthquake, implying a causative factor of the sequent of 2013 M W 6.7 Lushan earthquake. Our GPSderived dilatation shows that both the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes occurred within the domain of pronounced contraction. The GPS velocities demonstrate that the Longriba fault underwent slight motion with the faultnormal and -parallel rates at 1.0 ± 2.5 mm and 0.3 ± 2.2 mm/a; the Longmenshan fault displayed slow activity, with a fault-normal rate at 0.8 ± 2.5 mm/a, and a fault-parallel rate at 1.8 ± 1.7 mm/a. Longriba fault is on a par with Longmenshan fault in strain partitioning to accommodate the southeastward motion of eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Integrated analysis of principal strain tensors, mean principal stress, and fast directions of mantle anisotropy shows that west of Sichuan is characterized as mechanically strong crust-mantle coupling.

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“…Shallow interseismic creep occurs in the uppermost crust of some segments of major transform faults and may occur over different time scales, from hours to years [e.g., Thatcher, 1979;Lyons and Sandwell, 2003;Schmidt et al, 2005;Wei et al, 2009]. This behavior was observed along several segments of the San Andreas Fault in California, such as the Hayward Fault [Savage and Lisowski, 1993;Bürgmann et al, 2000], Imperial Fault [Lyons et al, 2002;Crowell et al, 2013], and Superstition Hills Fault [Bilham, 1989;Wei et al, 2009], and along the Ismetpasa segment of the North Anatolian fault in Turkey [e.g., Cakir et al, 2005;Kaneko et al, 2013]. In the framework of rate-and statedependent friction theory the occurrence of shallow creep can be explained by the transition from velocity weakening to velocity strengthening in the uppermost part of the crust.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Creep along the northern Jordan Valley section of the Dead Sea Fault

Hamiel

Piatibratova

Mizrahi

2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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We geodetically investigate the interseismic deformation along two neighboring sections of the Dead Sea Fault in Israel and present first clear evidence for shallow creep along this fault. We obtain the velocities of near‐fault GPS campaign stations across the northern section of the Jordan Valley Fault (JVF) and the Jordan Gorge Section (JGS) that were surveyed each year between 2009 and 2015. The JVF extends from the northern shore of the Dead Sea to the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee, and the JGS extends from the Sea of Galilee to the Hula Basin. We infer a slip rate of ~4.1 mm/yr and a locking depth of ~10 km for both sections. Data analysis indicates that while the JGS is found to be fully locked above the locking depth, the northern section of the JVF is found to be creeping from a depth of 1.5 ± 1.0 km to the surface, with a creep rate of 2.5 ± 0.8 mm/yr. Our observations also suggest that the current slip rate of the fault at the western margin of the Jordan Valley is minor, less than the GPS velocities uncertainties.

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Geodetic investigation into the deformation of the Salton Trough

Cited by 36 publications

References 42 publications

Geodetic constraints on frictional properties and earthquake hazard in the Imperial Valley, Southern California

Geodetic constraints on frictional properties and earthquake hazard in the Imperial Valley, Southern California

Heterogeneous strain regime in the eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau and its tectonic implications

Creep along the northern Jordan Valley section of the Dead Sea Fault

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