Geodetic and hydrological measurements reveal the recent acceleration of groundwater depletion in North China Plain

Zhao, Qian; Zhang, Bao; Yao, Yibin; Wu, Weiwei; Meng, Guojie; Chen, Qiang

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.06.016

Cited by 90 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Thus, CO 2 emissions from groundwater pumping should be considered in global carbon budgets [72,73]. This is especially relevant, because groundwater depletion is expected to acceleration in the future [74]. Groundwater irrigation global estimate [11] 10 Mt C year −1 Global groundwater extraction [9] 0.72 Mt CO 2 year −1 Groundwater irrigation in India [73] 1.7 Mt CO 2 year −1 Groundwater irrigation in the US [11] 0.52 ± 0.07 Mt CO 2 year −1 Groundwater depletion in the NCP This study 8.72 Mt CO 2 e year −1 GHG emissions of energy use for irrigation water pumping in the NCP [75] 120.87 Mt CO 2 e year −1 GHG emissions from agricultural production process in the NCP by life cycle assessment [76] 121 Mt CO 2 year −1 CO 2 emissions from central heating supply due to natural gas usage in the NCP [77] 15.99 Mt CO 2 year −1 Crop burning emissions during harvest seasons in the NCP [78]…”

Section: Implications and Upscalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow velocity and nutrients affect CO2 emissions from agricultural drainage channels in the North China Plain

Leng

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Eur

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Background Groundwater is typically over-saturated in CO2 with respect to atmospheric equilibrium. Irrigation with groundwater is a common agricultural practice in many countries, but little is known about the fate of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in irrigation groundwater and its contribution to the CO2 emission inventory from land to the atmosphere. We performed a mesocosm experiment to study the fate of DIC entering agricultural drainage channels in the North China Plain. Specifically, we aimed to unravel the effect of flow velocity and nutrient on CO2 emissions. Results All treatments were emitting CO2. Approximately half of the DIC in the water was consumed by TOC production (1–16%), emitted to the atmosphere (14–20%), or precipitated as calcite (CaCO3) (14–20%). We found that DIC depletion was stimulated by nutrient addition, whereas more CO2 evasion occurred in the treatments without nutrients addition. On the other hand, about 50% of CO2 was emitted within the first 50 h under high flow velocity. Thus, in the short term, high nutrient levels may counteract CO2 emissions from drainage channels, whereas the final fate of the produced biomass (burial versus mineralization to CO2 or even CH4) determines the duration of the effect. Conclusion Our study reveals that both hydrology and biological processes affect CO2 emissions from groundwater irrigation channels. The estimated CO2 emission from total groundwater depletion in the North China Plain is up to 0.52 ± 0.07 Mt CO2 year−1. Thus, CO2 emissions from groundwater irrigation should be considered in regional CO2 budgets, especially given that groundwater depletion is expected to acceleration in the future.

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Section: Implications and Upscalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow velocity and nutrients affect CO2 emissions from agricultural drainage channels in the North China Plain

Leng

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Eur

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“…Thus, CO2 emissions from groundwater pumping should be considered in global carbon budgets (Currell et al 2010;Mishra et al 2018). This is especially relevant because groundwater depletion is expected to acceleration in the future (Zhao et al 2019).…”

Section: Implications and Upscalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow velocity and nutrients affect CO2 emissions from agricultural drainage channels in the North China Plain

Leng

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Groundwater is typically over-saturated in CO2 with respect to atmospheric equilibrium. Irrigation with groundwater is a common agricultural practice in many countries, but little is known about the fate of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in irrigation groundwater and its contribution to the CO2 emission inventory from land to the atmosphere. We performed a mesocosm experiment to study the fate of DIC entering agricultural drainage channels in the North China Plain. Specifically, we aimed to unravel the effect of flow velocity and nutrient on CO2 emissions. Results All treatments were emitting CO2. Approximately half of the DIC in the water was consumed by TOC production (1-16%), emitted to the atmosphere (14-20%), or precipitated as calcite (CaCO3) (14-20%). We found that DIC depletion was stimulated by nutrient addition, whereas more CO2 evasion occurred in the treatments without nutrients addition. On the other hand, about 50% of CO2 was emitted within the first 50h under high flow velocity. Thus, in the short term, high nutrient levels may counteract CO2 emissions from drainage channels, whereas the final fate of the produced biomass (burial versus mineralization to CO2 or even CH4) determines the duration of the effect. Conclusion Our study reveals that both hydrology and biological processes affect CO2 emissions from groundwater irrigation channels. The estimated CO2 emission from total groundwater depletion in the North China Plain is up to 0.52 ± 0.07 Mt CO2 y−1. Thus, CO2 emissions from groundwater irrigation should be considered in regional CO2 budgets, especially given that groundwater depletion is expected to acceleration in the future.

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“…More details about the mascon product can be found in Save et al [51]. This dataset has been used in several studies to derive global and regional TWSA estimates [10,20,33,49].…”

Section: Grace Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, with the launch of the GRACE satellite, the water depletion in the HRB has been a research hotspot, given its significant depletion rate and important role in China [43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. Most of the water depletion is caused by agricultural irrigation in the HRB [17,44,50].…”

Section: Grace Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Human-Induced and Climate-Driven Contributions to Water Storage Variations in the Haihe River Basin, China

et al. 2019

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Terrestrial water storage (TWS) can be influenced by both climate change and anthropogenic activities. While the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites have provided a global view on long-term trends in TWS, our ability to disentangle human impacts from natural climate variability remains limited. Here we present a quantitative method to isolate these two contributions with reconstructed climate-driven TWS anomalies (TWSA) based on long-term precipitation data. Using the Haihe River Basin (HRB) as a case study, we find a higher human-induced water depletion rate (−12.87 ± 1.07 mm/yr) compared to the original negative trend observed by GRACE alone for the period of 2003–2013, accounting for a positive climate-driven TWSA trend (+4.31 ± 0.72 mm/yr). We show that previous approaches (e.g., relying on land surface models) provide lower estimates of the climate-driven trend, and thus likely underestimated the human-induced trend. The isolation method presented in this study will help to interpret observed long-term TWS changes and assess regional anthropogenic impacts on water resources.

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Geodetic and hydrological measurements reveal the recent acceleration of groundwater depletion in North China Plain

Cited by 90 publications

References 42 publications

Flow velocity and nutrients affect CO2 emissions from agricultural drainage channels in the North China Plain

Flow velocity and nutrients affect CO2 emissions from agricultural drainage channels in the North China Plain

Flow velocity and nutrients affect CO2 emissions from agricultural drainage channels in the North China Plain

Human-Induced and Climate-Driven Contributions to Water Storage Variations in the Haihe River Basin, China

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