Geochemistry of surface sediments of Minnesota lakes

Abstract

Analyses of 36 trace, minor, and major elements were used to classify the sediments of 46 Minnesota lakes. Q-mode factor analyses grouped Minnesota lake sediments according to clastic-, carbonate-, organic-, and redox-related elements. Carbonate lakes occur in west-central Minnesota; their sediments have relatively high concentrations of CaC0 3 , Ba, and Sr. Lakes with sediments containing more than 30% organic matter occur in east-central and northeastern Minnesota; these sediments have high concentrations of organic C, N, and H, and slightly elevated concentrations of Pb. Only three lakes have sediments included in the "redox" group, with relatively high concentrations of Fe, Mn, Mo, La, and Zn. High concentrations of redox-sensitive elements appear to be associated with oxidized iron and manganese minerals, but in Elk Lake, one of the three lakes in this group, a significant amount of iron and manganese is contained in iron phosphate, iron sulfide, and manganese carbonate. Clastic lake sediments are not diluted by large amounts of organic matter, carbonate minerals, or iron-manganese minerals, and are of two types: a western group derived largely from Cretaceous shales in the prairie regions, and a northeastern group derived from Precambrian crystalline rocks in the forested arrowhead region. Western clastic lake sediments have higher concentrations of Al, Na, K, B, Ba, V, Mg, and Sr. Most northeastern clastic lake sediments contain higher concentrations of Cu, Y, Be, and Ni, but several are chemically more similar to those of western prairie lakes.

Inferences from geochemical characteristics of the upper part of the Middle Pleistocene interglacial deposits in Lithuania

“…Separation of Fe and Mn is lower than of S and P, because their correlation is significant positive in all four sections. This result as well as significant correlation of Mo with Fe and Mn correspond to the findings of Dean et al (1993) that in freshwater lake sediments due to lower sulphate concentrations in interstitial waters the separation between Fe and Mn is not so pronounced as in deep-sea sediments where Fe and Mo has mainly sulfide residence and Mn predominantly oxyhydroxide.…”

Historical variation of elements with respect to different geochemical fractions in recent sediments from Pigeon Lake, Alberta, Canada

“…The higher concentration of Mg and Ba along with Ca and Sr is also due to the presence of carbonate minerals. 26 In this study, Mg and Ba were not found in the same group possibly due to the effects of the mineral matrix in the analytical process.…”

Field detection of urease and carbonic anhydrase activity using rapid and economical tests to assess microbially induced carbonate precipitation

“…Salt Lake is an alkaline sulphate‐ and sodium‐dominated saline lake. The lake alkalinity (234 ± 2 mg l −1 CaCO 3 , pH 8–9), together with calcium carbonates in its sediments (Dean et al ., 1993), indicates favourable conditions for carbonate mineral precipitation, which could be stimulated by microbial metabolisms. A sample of buoyant green biomass was collected from Salt Lake during a bloom event in July 2019.…”