Geochemistry of Selected Kaolins from Cameroon and Nigeria

Bukalo, Nenita; Ekosse, Georges‐Ivo E.; Odiyo, John O.; Ogola, Jason

doi:10.1515/geo-2017-0045

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(41 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In typical kaolinitic rocks, four peaks of kaolinite appear between 3000 and 4000 cm −1 , which is the region that corresponds to the stretching of the OH groups. 7,28 When these four peaks are established, it implies that the kaolinite has a well-ordered structure (Tironi et al, 2012;Bukalo et al, 2017). The presence of kaolinite as the only clay mineral suggests that analysis of the bands in the OH-stretching region is enough to analyze the dehydroxylation process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Qusaiba Kaolinitic Shale as a Supplementary Cementitious Material in Lightweight Oil-Well Cement Formulation

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Metakaolin is a supplementary cementitious material produced through the calcination of kaolinitic rocks. The scarcity of high-grade and commercial quantities of kaolinitic-based rocks makes metakaolin expensive. The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of the kaolinitic shale obtained from the mud-rich Qusaiba Member of Saudi Arabia as a source of metakaolin. The rock was dried, ground, and passed through a 75 μm sieve to obtain a fine powder. The powder was calcined at 1202, 1292, 1382, 1472, and 1562 °F for 1 h. The optimum calcination temperature required to convert the material into metakaolin was found to be 1562 °F using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry analysis techniques. The analytical techniques indicated that the kaolinitic shale is of high grade and less ordered, which would make it an excellent source of a highly reactive metakaolin. Cement systems designed at 12.5 ppg (1.50 g/cm 3 ) with the metakaolin produced from the Qusaiba kaolinitic shale as 30% cement replacement exhibits mechanical properties that would be ideal for downhole oil-wellbore applications.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Qusaiba Kaolinitic Shale as a Supplementary Cementitious Material in Lightweight Oil-Well Cement Formulation

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The mineralogical composition of kaolin deposits in the Central Region is presented in Table 1. Kaolinite, quartz and anatasse were found to be the dominant minerals in the samples; while magnetite together with other minerals such as muscovite, phylites and schists were found to be in trace quantities using the summation of semi-quantitative method to determine the frequency of occurrence of these minerals in the samples; such that (+++) = 3 represents a major mineral, (++) = 2, i.e., a minor mineral and (+) = 1 or 0 which represent a mineral in trace quantities (Bukalo et al, 2017).…”

Section: Mineralogical Composition Of Kaolin Samples From the Study A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ari n et al, (2008) and Kearyey (2001) have both suggested that if geochemical assessment of kaolin reveals high levels of Fe 2 O 3 and TiO 2 then they are not suitable for paper, ceramic, pharmaceutical and other allied industries. Bukalo et al (2017) therefore opined that, the high titanium dioxide concentrations may impact negatively on industrial applications of kaolin in the aforementioned industries needs to be removed. However, the titanium dioxide removed from the kaolin has been shown in other studies in playing key roles in the manufacturing of climate-smart cement, solar panels among others (Jamu and Abu, 2014; Teoh et al, 2012;Gates et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical properties of kaolin deposits in the Central Region, Ghana: A multivariate statistical approach

Obiri

Essumang

Armah

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Central Region of Ghana is endowed with rich kaolin deposits with immense potential industrial application which largely remain untapped due to limited information on geochemical properties. This paper assessed the geological composition of kaolin deposits with the view of elucidating their use in the formulation of climate-smart Portland cement. Four kaolin deposits in the Central Region were randomly selected and 20g each of 90mm of the kaolin samples from the selected deposits were analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) for the mineralogical composition and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for the elemental composition. The results from the XRF determination were used in the principal component analysis. It was also used to compute geochemical indices, such as chemical index of alteration (CIA), chemical index of weathering (CIW) and the index of compositional variability (ICV) to determine the intensity of weathering of the kaolin as well as identify the different rock types from which they originated. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) values ranges from 86.7% (kaolin deposits in Ekon) to 95.8% (kaolin deposits in Saltpond), which suggest an extreme silicate weathering of feldspars; the chemical index of weathering (CIW) values obtained also ranged from 96.6% to 98.6%, which indicate an increasing degree of weathering; index of compositional variability (ICV) varies from 0.19 to 0.66 as well as low K2O/Al2O3 ratios indicate that kaolin deposits in the study area is compositionally mature and are rich in kaolinite. The geochemical characteristics of studied kaolin suggest that, they can be used in the ceramic, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, paper and other industries. Also, the high concentration of titanium dioxide found as anatasse reduce the quality of the kaolin which needs to be removed. The removed titanium dioxide can then be used in the formulation of climate-smart cement.

show abstract

“…In the present study, the samples treated with 2.0 M oxalic acid were met the standard specification for the production of ceramics. The iron oxide (Fe2O3) composition of the studied beneficiated and acid leached kaolin was compared to the standards set for ceramics [53] indicating the presence of small levels of iron oxides and hydroxides in the samples. The SiO2/ Al2O3 and Al2O3/Fe2O3 mass ratios range from 2.05 to 2.38 and 10.4 to 76.7, respectively, for the different beneficiation steps.…”

Section: Xrf Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Beneficiation of Ethiopian Kaolin for use in Fabrication of Ceramic Membrane

Zewdie

Prihatiningtyas

Dutta

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Kaolin (china clay) is a rock material that is very rich in kaolinite. A kaolin ore from Debre Tabor, Ethiopia containing 59.2 wt.% SiO2, 24.9 wt.% Al2O3, 2.4 wt.% Fe2O3, and 8.22 wt.% loss on ignition (LOI) was physically beneficiated, chemically leached, and thermally treated for possible industrial use, especially for ceramic membrane fabrication. The leaching experiments were carried out using oxalic acid solutions as leaching reagents for the iron extraction process. The effect of acid concentration, reaction temperature, and contact time on iron leaching was investigated. It was determined that the rate of iron extraction increased with the oxalic acid concentration, leaching temperature, and contact time. A substantial reduction of iron oxide (2.4 to 0.36 wt. %) from the raw kaolin was observed at operating conditions of 2.0 M oxalic acid, the temperature of 120°C, and contact time of 120 min. A maximum kaolin whiteness index of 81.4 % was achieved through this leaching process. Finally, the physically beneficiated, chemically leached, and thermally treated kaolin raw material was used to fabricate a low-cost kaolin-based ceramic membrane. After firing at 1100°C the ceramic membrane was found to have a mass loss of 11.04 ± 0.05%, water absorption of 8.9 ± 0.4 %, linear shrinkage of 14.5 ± 0.05%. It was demonstrated to be chemically stable, having less than 3 % mass loss in acid solution, and less than 1 % mass loss in alkali solution. The newly developed membranes have thus properties comparable to commercial ceramic membranes.

show abstract

Geochemistry of Selected Kaolins from Cameroon and Nigeria

Cited by 9 publications

References 40 publications

Evaluation of Qusaiba Kaolinitic Shale as a Supplementary Cementitious Material in Lightweight Oil-Well Cement Formulation

Evaluation of Qusaiba Kaolinitic Shale as a Supplementary Cementitious Material in Lightweight Oil-Well Cement Formulation

Geochemical properties of kaolin deposits in the Central Region, Ghana: A multivariate statistical approach

Characterization and Beneficiation of Ethiopian Kaolin for use in Fabrication of Ceramic Membrane

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About