Geochemistry of rocks (Late Cretaceous) in the Anambra Basin, SE Nigeria: insights into provenance, tectonic setting, and other palaeo-conditions

Ejeh, Omabehere Innocent

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08110

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…The CIA and CIW standards for the examined shale sequence indicate highly weathered source constituents. This observation is corroborated by the previous study by Ejeh [20].…”

Section: Source Area Weatheringsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In addition, it is typically overlain by the intercalation of sand and shale facies sequence with coal inter-beds previously deposited under surface marine settings [1]. Selected studies have examined the Mamu Formation, Anambra Basin based on the following; stratigraphic/biostratigraphy [2][3][4][5], sedimentology and depositional environments [6], sequence stratigraphy [7,8], palynology [1,[9][10][11], coal characterization [12][13][14], petroleum potential [15][16][17], palynofacies and kerogen analysis [18], geochemical indicator [19][20][21] and ichnology and lithofacies [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Shales of Mamu Formation in Nigeria: Effects of Deposition, Source Rock, and Tectonic Background

Akinyemi¹,

Adebayo²,

Madukwe³

et al. 2022

Geochemistry and Mineral Resources

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Study of lithofacies identification, geochemical characterization of shales is vital to the provenance, paleoweathering, and tectonic setting reconstruction. The combination of morphological analysis, bulk chemical analysis and in-situ multi-element analysis was used to investigate the provenance, source area weathering, and depositional setting of outcropped Maastrichtian shale sequence of the Mamu Formation, Anambra Basin in Nigeria. Ten representative shale samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Geochemical analysis was performed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy and Laser Ablation-Induced Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) techniques. The structural and morphological development of kaolinite in the outcropped shale samples of Mamu Formation is due to mechanical disintegration during transportation and re-deposition. Major oxides such as SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 constitute greater than 86% of the bulk composition. The weathering indices suggest highly weathered source materials. The plot of Cr versus Ni indicated the studied samples are Late Archean shale. Binary plots of trace elements suggest derivation from acidic or felsic sources rather than intermediate or basic source rocks. Ternary plot of Na2O + K2O, SiO2/10 and CaO + MgO indicated multiple sources such as felsic igneous rocks or recycled residues of quartz-rich. Tectonic discrimination diagram depict a typical Passive Margin field.

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“…The CIA and CIW standards for the examined shale sequence indicate highly weathered source constituents. This observation is corroborated by the previous study by Ejeh [20].…”

Section: Source Area Weatheringsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Shales of Mamu Formation in Nigeria: Effects of Deposition, Source Rock, and Tectonic Background

Akinyemi¹,

Adebayo²,

Madukwe³

et al. 2022

Geochemistry and Mineral Resources

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“…Some TE and REE preserved in the clastic rocks record the tectonic environment information of the source area [15]. Therefore, based on the above characteristics, TE and REE are commonly used to trace the parent rock of sedimentary rocks, the nature of sedimentary basins, and the tectonic setting [16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provenance and Tectonic Setting Discrimination and Their Effects on the Pore-Scale Fluid Flow of Black Shale: Take the Micangshan Tectonic Belt, Central China, as an Example

Tong¹,

Yao²,

Guo³

et al. 2023

Geofluids

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The Lower Paleozoic reservoir in the Micangshan tectonic belt is a new shale gas exploration area with excellent potential. However, the black shale’s sedimentary environment and tectonic setting and their effects on pore-scale fluid flow have not been thoroughly elucidated and urgently require further research. A large amount of trace and rare earth element data of black shale in this area was tested to analyze the sediment’s provenance, tectonic setting, and coupling process, and nuclear magnetic resonance was applied for fluid flow ability determination. The characteristics of trace elements and rare earth elements in shale samples were drilled from the Upper Sinian Doushantuo Formation, the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation, and the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Micangshan tectonic belt. The results reveal that the provenance of the shales was dominated by island arc volcanic rocks and some ancient fine-grained sediments. The provenances of shale in the Micangshan, Huijunba, and Zhenba areas may have a strong genetic relationship with the igneous rocks from the nearest Hannan massif. The provenance of the Niutitang shale in the Ningqiang area may comprise sediments derived from the Longmenshan continental rift system. The provenance of the shale tends to transition from the island arc to the continental margin from the depositional stage of the Doushantuo Formation to the Longmaxi Formation. The Micangshan tectonic belt inherited the tectonic evolution of the South China block, North China block, and Qinling, and those blocks provided the igneous provenance of the shale by island arcs, which were formed due to weathering caused by the process of subduction and collision orogeny. The movable fluid distribution of the Longmaxi Formation and Niutitang Formation is relatively uniform, and excessive pursuit of large amount of movable fluid will be counterproductive to the shale reservoir. The proportion of the cracks was generally less than 3% except for one sample from the Doushantuo Formation with 12.06%. Based on the centrifugation force in this research, the low fluid flow limits were less than 1.47, and there are strong positive relationships between movable fluid saturation and saturated porosity. In this study, the coupling relationship between the material source and pore scale flow is discussed for the first time, and the results can provide theoretical references for local provenance analysis and tectonic movement.

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“…Leyuan et al (2021) also researched on the sediments from Aradeiba Formation of Muglad Basin in Sudan and proposed that they originated during the early Cretaceous during warm, humid tropical conditions with the presence of significant precipitation. Additionally, using elemental chemistry proxies, Ejeh (2021) asserted that the Anambra Basin witnessed significant weathering that resulted in the deposition of geochemically mature sediments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling History, Maturity, Paleoweathering, and Paleoclimatic Conditions of the Campano-Maastrichtian Sandstones in the Northern Bida Basin, Nigeria

Adepoju

Johnson

Sreeni

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The Campanian-Maastrichtian sandstone and siltstone facies of the Bida and Enagi formations, northern Bida Basin Nigeria were logged and sampled. The study aims to evaluate the sandstone's petrographic, mineralogical, and bulk geochemical compositions. This is towards exemplifying sediment recycling, maturity, paleoweathering history, and the prevailing paleoclimatic conditions during depositions in the parts of Bida Basin. Petrography result reveals framework modal composition of Bida Formation sandstones as Q93.51−100F0−2.60L/R0 − 3.90 whereas the Enagi Formation sandstones constituents includes Q84.42−98.72F0−3.75L/R1.18−15.58, thus the Bida Formation sandstones are classified as mostly quartzarenite with minor sublitharenite whereas Enagi Formation sandstone are basically classified as sublitharenite with minor quartzarenite varieties. Mineralogical composition from the X-ray diffractions revealed higher kaolinite contents among the mineral constitutes with relatively high quartz contents while muscovite, anatase and iron-rich minerals (goethite and hematite) were recorded in trace amounts and this suggests significant post-depositional weathering prior to reworking. Higher geochemical weathering indices values, including chemical index of alteration (CIA), chemical index of weathering (CIW), plagioclase index of alteration (PIA), and chemical proxy for alteration (CPA), as well as the ternary A-CN-K and A-CNK-FM plots for both Bida and Enagi formations, suggest an intense weathering and reworking at the source area during late Cretaceous. Geochemical proxies, weathering indices and plots show that the compositionally mature to super mature sediments were deposited under warm, temperate to tropical humid climatic paleoclimatic settings. The light rare earth elements (LREE) enrichment relative to heavy rare earth elements (HREE) and low negative europium (Eu/Eu*) anomaly values with geochemical discrimination plots revealed that the sandstones were sourced from a felsic rocks’ provenance within a passive margin paleotectonic settings. This study concluded that the Campano-Maastrichtian Bida and Enagi formations siliciclastic sediments in the northern Bida sub-Basin, northcentral Nigeria were subjected to extreme weathering, during a warm, temperate to tropical humid climate with the dominance of semi-humid and only brief semi-arid conditions.

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Geochemistry of rocks (Late Cretaceous) in the Anambra Basin, SE Nigeria: insights into provenance, tectonic setting, and other palaeo-conditions

Cited by 12 publications

References 82 publications

Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Shales of Mamu Formation in Nigeria: Effects of Deposition, Source Rock, and Tectonic Background

Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Shales of Mamu Formation in Nigeria: Effects of Deposition, Source Rock, and Tectonic Background

Provenance and Tectonic Setting Discrimination and Their Effects on the Pore-Scale Fluid Flow of Black Shale: Take the Micangshan Tectonic Belt, Central China, as an Example

Recycling History, Maturity, Paleoweathering, and Paleoclimatic Conditions of the Campano-Maastrichtian Sandstones in the Northern Bida Basin, Nigeria

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