Geochemistry of Chromitites in Eastern Part of Neyriz Ophiolite Complex (Southern Iran)

Attarzadeh, Pedram; Karimi, Mehrdad; Yazdi, Mohammad; Khankahdani, Kamal Nouri

doi:10.4236/ojg.2017.73015

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 70 publications

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“…The addition of such source of chromite also is indicative of a very chromite rich geology. In fact, chromite deposits are abundant around Chahak (Hall 1981;Moore & Jajab Zadeh 1993;Yaghubpur & Hassannejad, 2006;Alipour 2017, 358;Attarzadeh et al 2017) (See online supplementary material).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium crucible steel was first made in Persia

Alipour

Martinón‐Torres

2021

Journal of Archaeological Science

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For more than a century, evidence for the production of crucible steel in Central and Southern Asia, prior to the European Industrial Revolution, has fascinated and challenged material scientists, historians and archaeologists. At the same time, chromium-alloyed stainless steel was developed in the early 20 th century, building upon 19 th century experiments with low chromium steel. Here we demonstrate new evidence of the intentional addition of chromium to steel nearly a millennium earlier, as part of the Persian crucible steel (pulad) tradition including the production of low-chromium crucible steel in early 2 nd millennium CE Persia. We analysed archaeological finds from the 11 th c. CE site of Chahak in Iran showing the intentional and regular addition of chromium mineral to the crucible charge, resulting in steel containing around 1 wt% chromium. A contemporaneous crucible steel flint striker held in the Tanavoli Collection is reported to also contain chromium, suggesting its origin from Chahak. We argue that the mysterious compound 'rusakhtaj' from Biruni's (10 th -11 th c. CE) recipe for crucible steel making refers to the mineral chromite. Additional historical sources up to the mid-2 nd millennium CE refer to crucible steel from Chahak as being particularly brittle, consistent with its increased phosphorous content.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium crucible steel was first made in Persia

Alipour

Martinón‐Torres

2021

Journal of Archaeological Science

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A back-arc origin for the Neoarchean megacrystic anorthosite-bearing Bird River Sill and the associated greenstone belt, Bird River subprovince, Western Superior Province, Manitoba, Canada

Sotiriou

Polat

Yang

et al. 2019

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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Comparisons Between Tethyan Anorthosite‐Bearing Ophiolites and Archean Anorthosite‐Bearing Layered Intrusions: Implications for Archean Geodynamic Processes

Sotiriou

Polat

2020

Tectonics

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Elucidating the petrogenesis and geodynamic setting(s) of anorthosites in Archean layered intrusions and Tethyan ophiolites has significant implications for crustal evolution and growth throughout Earth history. Archean anorthosite‐bearing layered intrusions occur on every continent. Tethyan ophiolites occur in Europe, Africa, and Asia. In this contribution, the field, petrographic, petrological, and geochemical characteristics of 100 Tethyan anorthosite‐bearing ophiolites and 155 Archean anorthosite‐bearing layered intrusions are compared. Tethyan anorthosite‐bearing ophiolites range from Devonian to Paleocene in age are variably composite, contain anorthosites with highly calcic (An44–100) plagioclase and magmatic amphibole. These ophiolites formed predominantly at convergent plate margins, with some forming in mid‐ocean ridge, continental rift, and mantle plume settings. The predominantly convergent plate margin tectonic setting of Tethyan anorthosite‐bearing ophiolites is indicated by negative Nb and Ti anomalies and magmatic amphibole. Archean anorthosite‐bearing layered intrusions are Eoarchean to Neoarchean in age, have megacrystic anorthosites with highly calcic (An20–100) plagioclase and magmatic amphibole, and are interlayered with gabbros and leucogabbros and intrude pillow basalts. These Archean layered intrusions are interpreted to have predominantly formed at convergent plate margins, with the remainder forming in mantle plume, continental rift, oceanic plateau, postorogenic, anorogenic, mid‐ocean ridge, and passive continental margin settings. These layered intrusions predominantly crystallized from hydrous Ca‐ and Al‐rich tholeiitic magmas. The field, petrographic, and geochemical similarities between Archean and Tethyan anorthosites indicate that they were produced by similar geodynamic processes mainly in suprasubduction zone settings. We suggest that Archean anorthosite‐bearing layered intrusions and spatially associated greenstone belts represent dismembered subduction‐related Archean ophiolites.

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Geochemistry of Chromitites in Eastern Part of Neyriz Ophiolite Complex (Southern Iran)

Cited by 3 publications

References 70 publications

Chromium crucible steel was first made in Persia

Chromium crucible steel was first made in Persia

A back-arc origin for the Neoarchean megacrystic anorthosite-bearing Bird River Sill and the associated greenstone belt, Bird River subprovince, Western Superior Province, Manitoba, Canada

Comparisons Between Tethyan Anorthosite‐Bearing Ophiolites and Archean Anorthosite‐Bearing Layered Intrusions: Implications for Archean Geodynamic Processes

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