Geochemistry of barium in pelagic sediments

Boström, Kürt; Joensuu, Oiva; Moore, Cynthia A.; Bostrøm, B.; Dalziel, Mary C.; Horowitz, Arthur J.

doi:10.1016/0024-4937(73)90062-5

Cited by 59 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The source of barium in deep-sea sediments is still under discussion. Barite is associated with hydrothermal activity (Boström et al, 1973;Church, 1979) and also with higher biological productivity in equatorial regions (e.g., Schmitz, 1987). The observations of Bishop (1988) support the hypothesis that barite precipitation occurs partly within the water column in microenvironments that are enriched in sulfate from decaying organic matter, such as fecal pellets and diatom frustules.…”

Section: Baritesupporting

confidence: 59%

Analysis of Sedimentary Facies Using Bulk Mineralogic Characteristics in Cretaceous to Quaternary Sediments from the Kerguelen Plateau: Sites 737, 738, and 744

Bohrmann¹,

Ehrmann²

1991

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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Carbonate-free portions of Upper Cretaceous to Holocene sediment samples from the Kerguelen Plateau in the southern Indian Ocean were investigated by X-ray diffraction. Downhole variations in the content of opal-A, opal-CT, quartz, feldspar, barite, and clinoptilolite were studied at Site 737 on the northern Kerguelen Plateau and at Sites 744 and 738 on the southern Kerguelen Plateau. The variation of these components reflects temporal changes in the depositional history of the Kerguelen Plateau as well as major differences in the sedimentary evolution between the northern plateau and the southern plateau.Carbonate is the dominant component in the pelagic sediments on the Kerguelen Plateau. In addition, biogenic opal sedimentation plays an important role throughout most of the sequence. A major increase in opal accumulation is documented at all sites in late Miocene time, which is in accordance with the well-known increase in silica productivity probably caused by a major cooling step. Because of its position near the Polar Frontal Zone, sediments from Site 737 show a more extensive opal deposition than at Sites 744 and 738. An earlier productivity pulse is documented at Site 744 on the southern plateau within the early Oligocene, following the initial phase of intense East Antarctic glaciation. This cooling event resulted in higher amounts of ice-rafted terrigenous quartz and, to a lesser extent, feldspar. With the exception of the Site 744 sediments, opal deposition in Paleogene and older sediments can be reconstructed only from the diagenetic transformation products of opal-CT and probably clinoptilolite. In contrast to the southern sequence, on the northern Kerguelen Plateau higher amounts of clinoptilolite and no opal-CT were found. These major differences in the diagenetic environments may be due to extensive volcanism in the northern area. The volcanic influence at Site 737 is well recorded by the higher feldspar content and higher amounts of volcanic glass shards.

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Section: Baritesupporting

confidence: 59%

Analysis of Sedimentary Facies Using Bulk Mineralogic Characteristics in Cretaceous to Quaternary Sediments from the Kerguelen Plateau: Sites 737, 738, and 744

Bohrmann¹,

Ehrmann²

1991

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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“…The greater amount of diatoms and other siliceous organisms in the upper part of this unit is indicated by the increase in the Si/Al ratio and in silicon, barium, and lead contents. The occurrence of Ba and Pb in the siliceous organisms is well known, and high concentrations of these elements in pelagic siliceous oozes are often described, (El Wakeel and Riley, 1961;Arrhenius, 1963, Brongersma-Sanders, 1967Turekian, 1968;Chow and Goldberg, 1970;Boström et al, 1973;Hoffert et al, 1978).…”

Section: Results and Characteristics Of The Successive Lithologic Unitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sedimentary Deposits of Suiko Seamount (Leg 55, Site 433): From the Reef Environment to the Pelagic Sedimentation

Karpoff¹

1980

Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project

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“…Radiolarians, which are abundant in the Bermuda Rise sediments, for example, at the type locality (Jansa et al, 1979), have presumably been totally dissolved close to the sediment/water interface. Ba is well known to be enriched in hydrothermal sediments as well as being associated with high biological productivity (Boström et al, 1973). In this case the major and other trace elements point to terrigenous and biogenic source materials.…”

Section: Surface Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Latest Cretaceous and Eocene Paleoenvironments in the Blake-Bahama Basin, Western North Atlantic

Robertson¹

1983

Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project

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At Site 534 in the Blake-Bahama Basin, western North Atlantic, an interval of 68 m of Maestrichtian (Upper Cretaceous) and upper middle to upper Eocene sediments consists of terrigenous siltstones, mudstones, and varicolored zeolitic claystones; minor recovery of micritic limestones, porcellanites, and quartzitic chert was made at this site as well. Comparisons with other Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) sites in the western North Atlantic suggest that the following formations are present in this interval: Hatteras (Maestrichtian), Plantagenet (Maestrichtian and upper Eocene), Bermuda Rise (upper middle to upper Eocene), and the basal Blake Ridge Formation (upper middle to upper Eocene). Recognition of a Tertiary interval of the Plantagenet allows that formation to be divided into lower and upper informal units. Condensation makes this formal lithostratigraphic subdivision difficult.Together the formations record marked net condensed sedimentation (average rate ca. 2.5 m/m.y.) in strongly oxidizing bottom waters. From sedimentary structures and petrography, it is inferred that the terrigenous siltstones and micritic limestones were redeposited from the continental margin by turbidity currents. Chemical data plus petrography confirm relatively high plankton productivity during the upper Eocene. Much of the nonrecovered Eocene interval may represent chert and porcellanite. Fragments recovered were formed by replacement of relatively porous calciturbidites by opal-CT and quartz. Radiolarians in interbedded claystones rich in clinoptilolite show extensive dissolution. Relative to typical hemipelagic sediments, the claystones are enriched in many metals (Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb), particularly within manganese micronodules. The metal accumulation is related to a 30-m.y. period of slow net sediment accumulation, rather than to hydrothermal enrichment or to upward mobilization of metals from the underlying reduced Hatteras black shale facies.Elsewhere in the Blake-Bahama Basin, at Site 391, 22 km to the northwest, upper Eocene facies are missing, reportedly due to deep seafloor erosion of up to 800 m of the sedimentary succession. By contrast, the discovery that this interval is preserved at nearby Site 534 points to much less extensive seafloor erosion, possibly mostly in the Oligocene, which is missing at both DSDP Sites.

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Geochemistry of barium in pelagic sediments

Cited by 59 publications

References 27 publications

Analysis of Sedimentary Facies Using Bulk Mineralogic Characteristics in Cretaceous to Quaternary Sediments from the Kerguelen Plateau: Sites 737, 738, and 744

Analysis of Sedimentary Facies Using Bulk Mineralogic Characteristics in Cretaceous to Quaternary Sediments from the Kerguelen Plateau: Sites 737, 738, and 744

The Sedimentary Deposits of Suiko Seamount (Leg 55, Site 433): From the Reef Environment to the Pelagic Sedimentation

Latest Cretaceous and Eocene Paleoenvironments in the Blake-Bahama Basin, Western North Atlantic

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