Geochemistry of a Marine Phosphate Deposit: A Signpost to Phosphogenesis

Piper, David Z.; Perkins, Robert B.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-095975-7.01112-8

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…However, Cd enrichment in certain rocks results from specific geological conditions. For instance, elevated Cd in black shales and phosphorites (e.g., up to 345 mg/kg in the Phosphoria Formation; Perkins and Foster, 2004) is due to high marine primary production and biogenic enrichment, as evidenced by its nutrient-type seawater concentration profile in modern oceans, nearly completely depleted in the photic zone and elevated at depth and to sulfide precipitation under anoxic bottom water conditions (Piper and Calvert, 2009;Piper and Perkins, 2014). Extremely biologic enrichment of Cd (up to 6200 mg/kg) has been observed in phosphorites of guano origin in Jamaica (Garrett et al, 2008 (Rambeau, 2006), and in carbonate rocks (0.22-3.6 mg/kg)…”

Section: Cadmium Occurrence In Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geogenic cadmium pollution and potential health risks, with emphasis on black shale

Liu

Xiao

Perkins

et al. 2017

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

132

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Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential trace element that is toxic to humans. Previous studies of Cd in the environment have primarily focused on pollution resulted from anthropogenic sources, but little is known on naturally occurring sources of Cd. This paper aims to review the geochemical distribution of geogenic Cd and associated environmental risk. The source, accumulation, mobility, transportation, and health risk of Cd are discussed in a geo-environmental perspective, with an emphasis on black shale soils. Cadmium generally occurs in sulfides in black shale, and is easily released when exposed to oxygen and water. Leaching of these rocks tends to elevate Cd concentrations in aquatic systems, and may pose the potential to produce acid rock drainage (ARD) as well. Weathering of Cd-rich rocks also elevates soil Cd concentrations, and influence the geochemical species of Cd. Crops grown in these soils tend to accumulate higher Cd and threaten the food safety. Local inhabitant exposed to high geogenic Cd via food chains may experience Cd-related health risk. High Cd concentrations are observed in urine, and renal damage is also detected in Cd naturally enriched area based on low molecular weight proteins in urine. Overall, the findings in literature have provided with insights for potential health risk of Cd in areas with high Cd geochemical background levels, particular for the black shale exposed areas, more attentions should be paid on the geogenic Cd pollution, and suitable strategies of remediation and geo-environmental management for geogenic Cd pollution need further research.

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Section: Cadmium Occurrence In Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geogenic cadmium pollution and potential health risks, with emphasis on black shale

Liu

Xiao

Perkins

et al. 2017

Journal of Geochemical Exploration

132

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“…Phosphorus can lastly be provided by phosphate-rich particles such as fish bones and scales, and in association (adsorption + co-precipitation) with the settling flux of Fe oxy-hydroxides (Ingall and Van Cappellen, 1990;Ingall et al, 1993;van Cappellen and Ingall, 1994;Föllmi, 1996;Slomp et al, 1996;Anderson and Raiswell, 2004;März et al, 2008März et al, , 2014Breier et al, 2012). After deposition, the transfer of P from the labile P-carrying phases (OM, Fe oxy-hydroxides, hydroxyapatite) into authigenic apatite is the dominant and ultimate P sink with increasing sediment age and burial depth (Delaney, 1998;Anderson et al, 2001;Slomp and Van Cappellen, 2007;März et al, 2008;Piper and Perkins, 2014).…”

Section: Phosphorusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In permanently anoxic environments with sulfidic bottom waters, Fe-oxy-hydroxides do not precipitate within the sediment, reducing the potential for adsorption and complexation of remineralized organic P. Lastly, sulfatereducing conditions are generally considered to prevent francolite formation because the correlative rise in alkalinity increases francolite solubility and prevents supersaturation to be reached and thus precipitation to take place (Cha et al, 2005;Soudry, 2000;Trappe, 1998; and references therein). Consequently, francolite is generally presented as precipitating under suboxic conditions and not anoxic-sulfidic conditions (Froelich et al, 1988;Jarvis et al, 1994;Föllmi, 1996;Piper and Perkins, 2014). However, some recent works challenged this view (Goldhammer et al, 2010).…”

Section: Phosphorusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron availability as a dominant control on the primary composition and diagenetic overprint of organic-matter-rich rocks

et al. 2015

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Iron is known to stimulate surface ocean productivity, as well as intervene with bacterially-mediated processes of organic matter remineralization, during early diagenesis. In this paper, we examine the influence of iron supply on the geochemistry (trace metals, δ 34 S, organic matter) of sedimentary rocks deposited in a clastic-dominated marine ramp environment. To this end, we studied two Late Jurassic formations of the Boulonnais area (North-France). Both formations were deposited under quite similar conditions, but they differ in the reactive-iron supply they received. Only one of the two formations was affected by the particulate iron shuttle process. Our results indicate that 1) the iron shuttle may be recorded through concomitant enrichments in P, Mo, As and Sb; 2) a limited reactive-iron supply will allow the sulfurization of organic matter, even in a context of moderate productivity. Thus sulfurization can be a factor favoring a noticeable accumulation of organic matter: iron may thus be an important agent in the C cycle. IntroductionThe geological rocks of the Late Jurassic times (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian), cropping out along the Boulonnais shore (Strait of Dover, Northern France; Fig. 1), represent a proximal, lateral equivalent of the Kimmeridge Clay Formation (when used with a proper name, the word Formation will be abbreviated as Fm.), famous as a major petroleum source rock. These formations accumulated in a clastic dominated ramp environment where the sedimentary succession is made up of an alternation of marlstone-dominated formations (called "Argiles") and sandstone-dominated formations (termed "Grès") reflecting a range of water depths from lower offshore to shoreface settings, respectively (e.g., Wignall, 1991;

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“…Fluoride contents are typically 2 to 4 by weight percent in phosphorites. These deposits were formed in shallow seas of high biological productivity such as inland seas, continental shelves, and areas where upwelling of deep nutrient-rich ocean water circulates to shallow depths (Föllmi, 1996;Piper and Perkins, 2014) Australia (Schafer et al, 2018). Phosphorites may be closely associated with limestones and may be interstratified with clays and shales.…”

Section: Fluorine In Sedimentary Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%