Geochemistry and tectonic setting of the volcanics of the Carolina slate belt

Feiss, P. Geoffrey

doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.77.2.273

Cited by 30 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…In contrast, the enrichment in Mg has usually been explained as a product of ,,magnesia metasomatism~< associated with ore-bearing solutions emanating from early Svecokarelian granitoid intrusions. Recent studies show that secondary alterations resulting in extreme specialization of alkalis can be found in volcanogenic ore provinces all over the world (Canada: WHITEHEAD & GOODFELLOW, 1978;MAcGeEHaN, 1978;WILsorr et al, 1965;Australia: BUI.TITUDE & WYBOI~N, 1982;Ireland: SILLMAN & WILLIAMS, 1979; the Caledonides of Scandinavia: STEPH~IVS, 1982; The Appalachians of USA: FEISS, 1982;Portugal: MUNHA & KrRRICH, 1980;etc. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal alteration as a control of regional geochemistry and ore formation in the central Baltic Shield

Lagerblad

Gorbatschev

1985

Geol Rundsch

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ZusammenfassungUber 1000 proterozoische Eruptivgesteine der vulkanisch-sediment~iren Erzprovinz in Mittelschweden wurden auf Haupt-bzw. Spurenelemente analysiert. Die Gesteine bilden eine Folge mit Schwerpunkt auf basaltischen und insbesondere rhyolitischen Zusammensetzungen, w~ihrend Andesite nur schwach vertreten sind. Die prim~irmagmati-sche Zusammensetzung hat wenig Bezug zu den Erzen, die genetisch gr61~tenteils an sekund~ire Ver~nderungen gebunden sind. Hydrothermale Metasomatose hat eine regionale Verbreitung. Auch von den makroskopisch intakten, 732 analysierten, sauren porphyrischen Eruptivgesteinen sind mehr als die H~ilfte durchgreifend ver~indert. Die metasomatischen Prozesse fiihrten zu extremer Natriumund Kaliumdifferenzierung und zu Fe-Mg-Si-Beziehungen, die nicht auf magmatische Differentiation zuriJckzufiihren sind. Anreicherung von Na und Mg und Auslaugen der erzbildenden Metalle treten in den tieferen Teilen der vulkanischen Schichtenfolge auf. Die h6heren Lagen wetden von kalireichen Metavulkaniten, Karbonatgesteinen und vulkanogenen, erzassoziierten Sedimenten beherrscht. Metasomatische Gesteinsumwandlung und Erzbildung sind zwei Teilprozesse einer grof~riumigen hydrothermalen Konvektion, durch die Meereswasser durch die Schichtenfolge getrieben wurde. Die erzbildenden chemischen Bestandteile wurden dabei den tieferen Teilen des Vulkanitpaketes entzogen und an oder nahe der Oberfl~iche angereichert. AbstractIn a geochemical study of the Proterozoic volcano-sedimentary Bergslagen ore province in central Sweden, more than 1000 eruptive rocks were analyzed for main and trace elements. The volcanic rocks form a bimodal suite dominated by rhyolites but deficient in andesites. Igneous geochemical variation bears little relevance to the occurrence and distribution of ores which mostly appear related to secondary alteration patterns. Hydrothermal metasomatic alteration occurs on a regional scale and has affected markedly more than half of the 732 analyzed, macroscopicaliy fresh, porphyritic volcanic rocks. Metasomatism produced extreme Na-and K-differentiation, and Fe-Mg-Si relationships incompatible with igneous variation patterns. Enrichment in Na and Mg, and leaching of ore-forming metals are prominent in the lower parts of the volcanic pile, whereas meta-volcanics enriched in K and volcanogenic sediments as'sociated with ores and marbles dominate the upper levels. The metasomatic alteration of the volcanic rocks and the formation of most ores are two aspects of a comprehensive process of hydrothermal convection which circulated sea water, extracted the ore-forming elements from the lower levels of the volcanic pile and enriched them at or close to the top of the volcanic sequence. R~sumEDam le cadre d'une Etude gEochimique de la province prot&ozoique volcano-s~dimentaire min~ralis& de Bergslagen (Suede centrale), plus de 1000 Echantillons de roches magmatiques ont &~ analyses (ElEments majeurs et traces). Ces roches volcaniques foi~nent une suite domin& par les rhyolites et les basaltes, tandis q...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal alteration as a control of regional geochemistry and ore formation in the central Baltic Shield

Lagerblad

Gorbatschev

1985

Geol Rundsch

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“…Other geochemical data for the Neoproterozoic volcanic rocks of the slate belt have been interpreted to indicate that they were subduction related. Although most interpretations favor a continental arc and/or back-arc environment (Butler and Ragland, 1969;Seiders, 1978;Feiss, 1982;Rogers, 1982;Dennis and Shervais, 1991;Feiss et al, 1993;Kozuch, 1994), some have suggested that the arc developed in an ensimatic environment (e.g., Whitney et al, 1978). Data presented here, however, provide strong evidence that this part of the Carolina arc developed on continental crust containing both Meso-and Neoproterozoic components.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…570-540 Ma). Many geochemical and lithologic studies of the Carolina slate belt have supported conclusions that it probably evolved in an arc and/or back-arc regime (e.g., Butler and Ragland, 1969;Hatcher, 1972;Glover and Sinha, 1973;Seiders, 1978;Feiss, 1982;Rogers, 1982;Feiss et al, 1993;Kozuch, 1994). Suggestions for the infrastructure of the arc range from oceanic to mature arc crust to continental crust (e.g., Whitney et al, 1978;Milton and Reinhardt, 1980;Rast and Skehan, 1983;Skehan, 1988;Shervais, 1991, 1992;Murphy and Nance, 1991;Mittwede, 1992).…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evidence for Mesoproterozoic basement in the Carolina Terrane and speculations on its origin

Mueller¹,

Kozuch²,

Heatherington³

et al. 1996

Special Paper 304: Avalonian and Related Peri-Gondwanan Terranes of the Circum-North Atlantic

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Terranes with concurrent Neoproterozoic magmatism in the Appalachian orogen of North America include the Avalon, Carolina, and Suwannee terranes. The extent to which these terranes can be correlated cannot be ascertained, however, without complete characterization of the basement present when magmatism took place. Premagmatic zircons and Nd model ages of mafic to silicic volcanic rocks of the Carolina terrane exposed in the Carolina slate belt of central North Carolina provide direct evidence of the involvement of Mesoproterozoic basement in their petrogenesis. The combination of Neoproterozoic magmatic activity and Mesoproterozoic basement suggests that the Carolina terrane may have a distinct history relative to many other circum-Atlantic, Neoproterozoic arc terranes. In particular, the chronologic and isotopic similarity of the inferred Carolina arc basement to that of the nearby Blue Ridge province suggests the possibility that the Carolina terrane may be allochthonous, but not exotic.

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“…The Persimmon Fork Formation, part of a thick sequence of crystal and lapilli felsic tuffs and tuff breccias and minor basaltic rocks (Dennis, 1995), is the predominant host of the gold deposits, particularly where the volcanic rocks are interlayered with metasedimentary rocks. The Persimmon Fork Formation contains calc-alkaline ash flows (e.g., Whitney et al, 1978;Feiss, 1982;Dennis, 1995;Shervais et al, 1996). Mudstones, turbiditic wackes, and clastic-rich metasedimentary rocks that overlie the Persimmon Fork Formation belong to the Richtex Formation, which marks the transition from felsic-to mafic-dominated submarine volcanism, and from mudstones to turbiditic clastic sedimentation that accumulated in an intra-arc basin during rifting (Dennis and Shervais, 1996).…”

Section: Geology Of the Gold Deposits Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The younger metavolcanic rocks (ca. 570-540 Ma), which contain broadly correlative rocks as those in the Persimmon Fork Formation of South Carolina, indicate a mature arc or back-arc environment (e.g., Feiss, 1982;Rogers, 1982;Feiss et al, 1993). Volcanic rocks in North Carolina that are broadly correlative to the Persimmon Fork Formation are thought to have been influenced by Grenville-type crust on the basis of xenocrystic zircons having minimum U-Pb ages of about 1.23 Ga and whole rocks with old Nd model ages (about 1.55 Ga) and ε Nd values about +2.3 to -0.7 (Mueller et al, 1996).…”

Section: Grenville Massifs Peri-gondwanan Terranes and The Slate Bementioning

confidence: 99%

U-Pb Zircon Ages and Pb Isotope Geochemistry of Gold Deposits in the Carolina Slate Belt of South Carolina

Ayuso¹

2005

Economic Geology

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Geochemistry and tectonic setting of the volcanics of the Carolina slate belt

Cited by 30 publications

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Hydrothermal alteration as a control of regional geochemistry and ore formation in the central Baltic Shield

Hydrothermal alteration as a control of regional geochemistry and ore formation in the central Baltic Shield

Evidence for Mesoproterozoic basement in the Carolina Terrane and speculations on its origin

U-Pb Zircon Ages and Pb Isotope Geochemistry of Gold Deposits in the Carolina Slate Belt of South Carolina

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