Geochemistry and morphology of metalliferous sediments and oxyhydroxides from the Endeavour segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge

Hrischeva, Elitsa; Scott, S. D.

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2007.03.024

Cited by 71 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…To ensure that products observed were produced from pyruvate rather than reaction of organic material associated with the minerals, we carried out a number of reactions using fully labeled 13 C-pyruvate. An example is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S3. The splitting of each proton signal due to the adjacent 13 C indicates that all of the products observed were fully labeled with 13 C. Subsequent reactions were carried out with unlabeled pyruvate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At these sites, hot fluids (up to 400°C) laden with transition metals, CO 2 , H 2 S, and H 2 , vent into cool ocean water, leading to precipitation of towers composed primarily of transition metal sulfides. Clay minerals such as nontronite (12) and phyllosilicates such as chlorite (13) are also found in these hydrothermal systems. Secondary minerals such as zeolites that are produced upon reaction of hot basalt melts with seawater are frequently observed together with sulfide minerals.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reactivity landscape of pyruvate under simulated hydrothermal vent conditions

Novikov¹,

Copley

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Pyruvate is an important "hub" metabolite that is a precursor for amino acids, sugars, cofactors, and lipids in extant metabolic networks. Pyruvate has been produced under simulated hydrothermal vent conditions from alkyl thiols and carbon monoxide in the presence of transition metal sulfides at 250°C [Cody GD et al. (2000) Science 289(5483):1337-1340], so it is plausible that pyruvate was formed in hydrothermal systems on the early earth. We report here that pyruvate reacts readily in the presence of transition metal sulfide minerals under simulated hydrothermal vent fluids at more moderate temperatures (25-110°C) that are more conducive to survival of biogenic molecules. We found that pyruvate partitions among five reaction pathways at rates that depend upon the nature of the mineral present; the concentrations of H 2 S, H 2 , and NH 4 Cl; and the temperature. In most cases, high yields of one or two primary products are found due to preferential acceleration of certain pathways. Reactions observed include reduction of ketones to alcohols and aldol condensation, both reactions that are common in extant metabolic networks. We also observed reductive amination to form alanine and reduction to form propionic acid. Amino acids and fatty acids formed by analogous processes may have been important components of a protometabolic network that allowed the emergence of life.catalysis | prebiotic chemistry | abiogenesis B aross and Hoffman suggested in 1985 that life emerged in or around hydrothermal vents from a protometabolic network fueled by small molecules such as CO 2 , NH 3 , and H 2 in hydrothermal fluids (1). The existence of dense biological communities sustained solely by the chemicals and energy provided by vent fluids proves that these habitats are capable of supporting life. The possibility that life originated at such sites is appealing for a number of reasons. Pores in vent walls and the surrounding fractured crust could have provided compartmentalization before the availability of lipid membranes. The mineral surfaces lining these compartments could have catalyzed the formation of organic compounds from the constituents of vent fluids. Temperature gradients in hydrothermal systems could have allowed reactions with high activation energies to occur in the internal hot regions as well as formation of more fragile molecules near the cool outer wall. In addition, both theoretical and experimental studies have demonstrated that thermal gradients can lead to massive concentration of molecules in small regions of microchannels due to a combination of convection and thermophoresis (2, 3). This physical mechanism would enhance the rates of second-order reactions between molecules originating from chemical reactions in hydrothermal fluids as they percolate through pores and channels in vent structures and in cracks in the surrounding crust.An important challenge for prebiotic chemists is to explore the potential for synthesis of complex organic molecules from geochemical precursors in hydrothermal environments. In...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reactivity landscape of pyruvate under simulated hydrothermal vent conditions

Novikov¹,

Copley

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Poorly crystallized Fe-Mn-Si-oxyhydroxide deposits (referred to as Fe-Mn-Si oxides) are widely developed in modern hydrothermal fields in various geological settings, such as mid-ocean ridges, back-arc basins and intra-plate seamounts (e.g., Alt, 1988;Puteanus et al, 1991;Binns et al, 1993;Fortin et al, 1998;Iizasa et al, 1998;Boyd and Scott, 2001;Kennedy et al, 2003a,b;Benjamin and Haymon, 2006;Hrischeva and Scott, 2007;Kato et al, 2009;Langley et al, 2009;Dekov et al, 2010;Edwards et al, 2011). Mineralogically, these hydrothermal precipitates contain a wide range of minerals with primary ferrihydrite, goethite, amorphous silica (opal-A), todorokite, birnessite and sometimes Fe-rich phyllosilicates such as nontronite (Köhler et al, 1994;Iizasa et al, 1998;Benjamin and Haymon, 2006;Hrischeva and Scott, 2007) and Fe-rich smectite present (Cole, 1983(Cole, , 1985(Cole, , 1988Taitel-Goldman and Singer, 2001a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mineralogically, these hydrothermal precipitates contain a wide range of minerals with primary ferrihydrite, goethite, amorphous silica (opal-A), todorokite, birnessite and sometimes Fe-rich phyllosilicates such as nontronite (Köhler et al, 1994;Iizasa et al, 1998;Benjamin and Haymon, 2006;Hrischeva and Scott, 2007) and Fe-rich smectite present (Cole, 1983(Cole, , 1985(Cole, , 1988Taitel-Goldman and Singer, 2001a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Fe–Mn–Si oxide and nontronite deposits in hydrothermal fields on the Valu Fa Ridge, Lau Basin

Sun

Zhou

Glasby

et al. 2012

Journal of Asian Earth Sciences

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Eruptive and tectonic history of the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge, based on AUV mapping data and lava flow ages

Clague

Dreyer

Paduan

et al. 2014

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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High-resolution bathymetric surveys from autonomous underwater vehicles ABE and D. Allan B.were merged to create a coregistered map of 71.7 km 2 of the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge.Radiocarbon dating of foraminifera in cores from three dives of remotely operated vehicle Doc Ricketts provide minimum eruption ages for 40 lava flows that are combined with the bathymetric data to outline the eruptive and tectonic history. The ages range from Modern to 10,700 marine-calibrated years before present (yr BP). During a robust magmatic phase from >10,700 yr BP to 4300 yr BP, flows erupted from an axial high and many flowed >5 km down the flanks; some partly buried adjacent valleys. Axial magma chambers (AMCs) may have been wider than today to supply dike intrusions over a 2 km wide axial zone. Summit Seamount formed by 4770 yr BP and was subsequently dismembered during a period of extension with little volcanism starting 4300 yr BP. This tectonic phase with only rare volcanic eruptions lasted until 2300 yr BP and may have resulted in near-solidification of the AMCs. The axial graben formed by crustal extension during this period of low magmatic activity. Infrequent eruptions occurred on the flanks between 2620-1760 yr BP and within the axial graben since 1750 yr BP. This most recent phase of limited volcanic and intense hydrothermal activity that began 2300 yr BP defines a hydrothermal phase of ridge development that coincides with the present-day 1 km wide AMCs and overlying hydrothermal vent fields.

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Geochemistry and morphology of metalliferous sediments and oxyhydroxides from the Endeavour segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge

Cited by 71 publications

References 63 publications

Reactivity landscape of pyruvate under simulated hydrothermal vent conditions

Reactivity landscape of pyruvate under simulated hydrothermal vent conditions

Formation of Fe–Mn–Si oxide and nontronite deposits in hydrothermal fields on the Valu Fa Ridge, Lau Basin

Eruptive and tectonic history of the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge, based on AUV mapping data and lava flow ages

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