Geochemistry and geochronology of ore-bearing and barren intrusions in the Luanchuan ore fields of East Qinling metallogenic belt, China: Diverse tectonic evolution and implications for mineral exploration

Xue, Fei; Wang, Gongwen; Santosh, M.; Shen, Zhiwei; Kong, Liang; Guo, Ning; Zhang, Xuhuang; Jia, Wenjuan

doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.04.027

Cited by 38 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…Molybdenite Re–Os data yielded mineralizing ages of 147–144 Ma that are coeval with the zircon U–Pb age of the Yuku porphyritic granite (Guo et al, 2018; Li et al, 2015; Xue et al, 2018). Multiple isotopes indicate that the Yuku intrusion was sourced from partial melting of the lower crust with a minor mantle contribution (Bao, Wang, Zhao, Li, & Gao, 2014; Guo et al, 2018; Li et al, 2015; Xue et al, 2018; Yang et al, 2019). However, existing research has focused on geochronology, geochemistry, and mineralogy, meaning that the evolution and source of the ore‐forming fluids and the processes of Mo mineralization remain poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…This deposit contains >1.5 Mt Mo at an average grade of 0.12% (Guo et al, 2018). Because of its economic importance, there have been several recent studies on the deposit (Cao et al, 2015; Du, Wang, & Jia, 2019; Guo et al, 2018; Li et al, 2015; Xue et al, 2018; Yang et al, 2020). Molybdenite Re–Os data yielded mineralizing ages of 147–144 Ma that are coeval with the zircon U–Pb age of the Yuku porphyritic granite (Guo et al, 2018; Li et al, 2015; Xue et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of its economic importance, there have been several recent studies on the deposit (Cao et al, 2015; Du, Wang, & Jia, 2019; Guo et al, 2018; Li et al, 2015; Xue et al, 2018; Yang et al, 2020). Molybdenite Re–Os data yielded mineralizing ages of 147–144 Ma that are coeval with the zircon U–Pb age of the Yuku porphyritic granite (Guo et al, 2018; Li et al, 2015; Xue et al, 2018). Multiple isotopes indicate that the Yuku intrusion was sourced from partial melting of the lower crust with a minor mantle contribution (Bao, Wang, Zhao, Li, & Gao, 2014; Guo et al, 2018; Li et al, 2015; Xue et al, 2018; Yang et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genesis and fluid evolution of the Yuku porphyry Mo deposit, East Qinling orogen, China

Xue

Wang

et al. 2021

Geological Journal

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The Yuku is a large porphyry Mo deposit (1.5 Mt at 0.12% Mo) in the Luanchuan ore district of the East Qinling orogen, central China. The economic Mo ore bodies occur as veins, veinlets, and disseminated ore and are developed mainly within the late Mesozoic Yuku porphyritic granite. Molybdenum mineralization is generally associated with potassic and phyllic alteration. Hydrothermal processes in the Yuku deposit are divided into four stages: (I) a quartz–K‐feldspar–biotite ± pyrite stage, (II) a quartz–molybdenite ± pyrite ± K‐feldspar ± sericite stage, (III) a quartz–polymetallic sulphide stage, and (IV) a calcite ± quartz ± fluorite ± pyrite stage. The fluid evolution during these hydrothermal stages was constrained through systematic investigation of fluid inclusions (FIs) and H−O isotopes. Four types of primary or pseudosecondary FIs were recognized in hydrothermal quartz and calcite: two‐phase liquid‐rich inclusions (L‐type), two‐phase vapour‐rich inclusions (V‐type), halite‐bearing (hypersaline) inclusions (H‐type), and three‐phase CO2‐bearing inclusions (C‐type). FIs within Stages I–IV have homogenization temperatures of 375 to >550, 297–400, 198–298, and 149–188°C, with salinities of 0.53–13.18, 0.35–40.23, 5.11–11.81, and 5.71–9.73 wt% NaCl equiv., respectively. In Stage I, coexisting vapour‐rich (V‐type) and liquid‐rich (L‐type) FIs have similar homogenization temperatures (488 to >550°C) and distinct salinities, indicating fluid boiling during the formation of quartz–K‐feldspar–biotite veins at a pressure of 550–700 bar and a lithostatic depth of 2.3–2.8 km. In Stage II, FIs in quartz were also trapped under boiling conditions, as evidenced by coexisting hypersaline H‐type (34.13–40.23 wt% NaCl equiv.) and low‐salinity V‐type (0.35–2.24 wt% NaCl equiv.) inclusions, which formed at temperatures of 309–361°C and hydrostatic depths of 1.0–2.0 km, equivalent to pressures of 100–200 bar. During Stage III, the ore‐forming fluids were cooler (198–298°C) and more dilute (5.11–11.81 wt% NaCl equiv.) due to the involvement of meteoric water, with minimum trapping pressures estimated at <100–150 bar, corresponding to a hydrostatic depth of <1.0 km. In Stage IV, temperatures decreased further to 149–188°C, with lower salinities (5.71–9.73 wt% NaCl equiv.), indicating a post‐ore fluid stage. These data suggest that the mineralizing fluids forming the Yuku Mo deposit changed from early moderate‐ to low‐salinity CO2‐rich fluids in the H2O–NaCl–CO2 system that formed at high temperature and pressure, to late H2O–NaCl low‐salinity fluids that formed at low temperature and pressure. H−O isotopic compositions indicate that the mineralizing fluids had a dominantly magmatic signature but were diluted by meteoric waters. Combining our integrated analysis of the fluid evolution and deposit geology, we propose that fluid boiling and fluid–rock interaction, including intensive potassic alteration, changed the salinity and triggered CO2 escape, leading to a decrease in fO2 and an increase in the acidity of the ore‐forming fluids...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genesis and fluid evolution of the Yuku porphyry Mo deposit, East Qinling orogen, China

Xue

Wang

et al. 2021

Geological Journal

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“…The QOB in central China, sandwiched between the North China Craton (NCC) and the Yangtze Craton (YC), has experienced multiple stages of subduction, accretion, and collision process Tang et al, 2016). The QOB comprises four parts from south to north, including the northern margin of YC, South Qinling Belt, North Qinling Belt, and Huaxiong Block, which is alternatively named as the southern margin of NCC (Figure 1a; Dong et al, 2011;Chen & Santosh, 2014;Xue, Wang, & Santosh, 2018 1a; Jiang, Jin, Liao, Zhou, & Zhao, 2010).…”

Section: Regional Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis of hydrothermal gold mineralization in the Qianhe deposit, central China: Constraints from in situ sulphur isotope and trace elements of pyrite

et al. 2021

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The Qianhe gold deposit, located at Xiong'ershan in Eastern Qinling, with estimated gold reserves of 22 tons, hosts six orebodies within auriferous quartz veins and hydrothermally-altered rocks along E-W trending faults. Here we present results from an integrated study involving field investigation, ore petrology, in situ sulphur isotopes, and trace elements analysis of gold-bearing pyrite with a view to understanding the genesis of the hydrothermal gold mineralization. Three generations of pyrite are identified in the Qianhe Au deposit: Py1 is composed of coarse-grained, euhedral cubic grains occurring at the margin of stage I quartz + pyrite vein; Py2 is occurs as porous grains coexisting with other sulphide minerals in stage II quartz + polymetallic sulphide veins; and Py3 is mainly composed of anhedral grains in stage III quartz + calcite + fluorite vein. Among the three generations, Py2 has the highest contents of Au (mean = 3.5 ppm), Ag (mean = 46.0 ppm), Zn (mean = 303 ppm), and Cu (mean = 346 ppm). The distribution and concentration of these trace elements are likely to be controlled by micro/nano-inclusions in pyrite. The Co/Ni ratios range from 0.010 to 296, with most values lying between 0.1 and 10. The δ 34 S values of the various pyrite generations show a wide range between −17.9‰ and 4.5‰ with obviously higher values in Py3 (2.0‰ to 4.5‰) than those in Py1 (−16.7‰ to −13.5‰) and Py2 (−17.9‰ to −9.0‰). The negative δ 34 S values in Py1 and Py2 possibly resulted from sulphur isotope fractionation between sulphide and sulphate minerals. As sulphate minerals are absent in stage III, the slightly positive δ 34 S values in Py3 suggest a mixed source from mantle-derived material and wall rocks of the Xiong'er Group. We correlate the genesis of gold mineralization in the Qianhe deposit with the extension and lithospheric thinning during Early Cretaceous, when ore-bearing fluids channelled along fault zones induced hydrothermal alteration and Au mineralization.

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“…He, Zhao, Sun, & Xia, ; G. C. Zhao, He, & Sun, ). The Meso‐Neoproterozoic sedimentary sequences represented by the Guandaokou and Luanchuan groups are mainly composed of carbonate and clastic sedimentary rocks (Xue et al, ; Yang et al, ).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triassic alkaline magmatism and mineralization in the Xiong'ershan area, East Qinling, China

et al. 2018

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The Qinling orogenic belt is a complex subduction-accretion-collision orogen that welded the North China Craton and the Yangtze Craton during the final continental collision in the Triassic. The Xiong'ershan area, located in east Qinling, exposes a typical Triassic syenite pluton and several contemporaneous Mo, Au, and Cu deposits. The aegirine-augite syenites and syenites from the Mogou pluton are characterized by alkalic to peralkalic (total alkali Na 2 O + K 2 O = 13.95-14.63 wt.%, CaO = 0.06-2.87 wt.%), and shoshonitic features (K 2 O = 11.86-14.34 wt.%). Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of the aegirine-augite syenite and syenite yield emplacement ages of 232.5 ± 0.6 and 221.8 ± 0.7 Ma, indicating multiple pulses of magmatism. Evidence from zircon Hf isotopes; occurrence of mafic microgranular enclaves; heterogeneous peralkaline composition; and wide ranges of MgO, Ni, and other trace elements suggest that the parental magma was mainly sourced from partial melting of Archean to Paleoproterozoic crustal sources, mixed with juvenile mantle-derived mafic magmas. The Mogou pluton was probably emplaced in the tectonic transition from syn-collision to post-collision settings and accompanying slab break-off process, from the commencement of collision at approximately 245 Ma and post-collisional extension at approximately 210 Ma. Gold, molybdenum, and copper deposits formed during the interval of 255-208 Ma, and the close temporal and spatial relationship between these Triassic polymetallic deposits and the Mogou alkaline pluton invokes a genetic linkage. The heat source for magmatismand related metallogeny is correlated to a hot upwelling asthenospheric mantle that caused partial melting of the Archean to Paleoproterozoic crustal basement, resulting in magma mixing between the two end-members.

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Geochemistry and geochronology of ore-bearing and barren intrusions in the Luanchuan ore fields of East Qinling metallogenic belt, China: Diverse tectonic evolution and implications for mineral exploration

Cited by 38 publications

References 59 publications

Genesis and fluid evolution of the Yuku porphyry Mo deposit, East Qinling orogen, China

Genesis and fluid evolution of the Yuku porphyry Mo deposit, East Qinling orogen, China

Genesis of hydrothermal gold mineralization in the Qianhe deposit, central China: Constraints from in situ sulphur isotope and trace elements of pyrite

Triassic alkaline magmatism and mineralization in the Xiong'ershan area, East Qinling, China

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