Geochemistry and genesis of magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) and PGE-(Cu)-(Ni) deposits in China

Lu, Yiguan; Lesher, C. Michael; Deng, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2019.03.024

Cited by 40 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Presence of sulfide in the system may enhance this tendency, as discussed further below. Gleeson and Gibson (2019) point out that recharge and mixing provides a viable alternative hypothesis to the "pyroxenite source" model, which has been involved for some Ni deposits and camps, notably several of the Chinese deposits (Lu et al, 2019). Numerous other studies (Matzen et al, 2017b;Yao et al, 2018) have pointed out other combinations of melting depth and mechanism contain olivines in the high Fo (>85 mol pct) and high Ni (>3000) ppm that are claimed by Sobolev et al (2007) as evidence for pyroxenitic mantle sources.…”

Section: Fractional Crystallization Of Olivine + Sulfide Liquidmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The effect of this T dependence on olivine Ni contents gives rise to the observed wide variability in the Ni contents of primary mantle melts, (Li and Ripley, 2010;Yao et al, 2018) and basalt-hosted olivines (Sobolev et al, 2007;Herzberg et al, 2016), (Figure 1), a variability that could be further enhanced by variability in the pyroxene:olivine ratio in mantle sources (Sobolev et al, 2005). The presence of pyroxene-rich mantle-source regions has been proposed as a major controlling factor on the range of olivine compositions in various Chinese deposits (Song et al, 2011b;Song et al, 2011c;Lu et al, 2019), but remains a hotly debated topic beyond the scope of this contribution.…”

Section: Range Of Variability Of Ni In Carrier Magmasmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Most of the olivines analysed from this suite fall within the "barren" baseline for orogenic settings Phanerozoic Orogenic Belt, Central Asian Orogenic Belt, NW China. About a dozen economic magmatic Ni-Cu sulphide deposits occur at the southern margin of the Central Asian orogenic belt (CAOB) in NW China (Mao et al, 2008;Lu et al, 2019), with a few deposits occur in the southeasternmost part of CAOB, such as the Hongqiling deposit in NE China (Wei et al, 2013;Lu et al, 2019). These NW China deposits could be classified into four groups by spatial distribution: the Beishan, Central Tianshan, Eastern Tianshan, and south Chinese Altai groups from south to north.…”

Section: Comparison Within Individual Magmatic Provincesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nickel in olivine as an exploration indicator for magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits: A data review and re-evaluation

Barnes

Yao

Mao

et al. 2023

American Mineralogist

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Nickel contents of olivine have been widely used as petrogenetic indicators and as fertility indicatorsfor magmatic sulfide potential of mafic-ultramafic intrusions, on the assumption that olivines crystallized from magmas that had equilibrated with sulfide liquid should be relatively depleted in Ni compared with a sulfide-free baseline. This has given rise to a large accumulation of data that is brought together here, along with data on volcanic olivines, to critically evaluate the effectiveness of the approach. We identify multiple sources of variance in Ni content of olivine at given Fo content, including: variability in mantle melt composition due to depth, water content (and possibly source); subsequent fractional crystallization with and without sulfide; recharge and magma mixing; batch equilibration between olivine and sulfide at variable silicate-sulfide ratio (R) and olivine/liquid ratio; and subsequent equilibration during trapped liquid crystallization in orthocumulates. Baselines for Ni in olivine in relation to Fo content are somewhat lower in orogenic belt settings relative to intrusions in continental Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs). This is probably related to differences in initial parent magma compositions, with plume magmas generally forming deeper and at higher temperatures. No clear, universal discrimination is evident in Ni in olivine between ore-bearing, weakly mineralized and barren intrusions even when tectonic setting is taken into account. However, sulfide-related signals can be identified at intrusion scale in many cases. Low-R factor, low-tenor sulfides are associated with low-Ni olivines in a number of examples and these cases stand out clearly.

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Section: Fractional Crystallization Of Olivine + Sulfide Liquidmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Range Of Variability Of Ni In Carrier Magmasmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Comparison Within Individual Magmatic Provincesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nickel in olivine as an exploration indicator for magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits: A data review and re-evaluation

Barnes

Yao

Mao

et al. 2023

American Mineralogist

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“…The geometry would then be that of a subhorizontal blade-shaped dike (Mungall et al, 2010) with mineralization along the keel. Asymmetrically differentiated mineralized blade-shaped dikes have also been identified in the Expo intrusive suite in the Cape Smith belt (Mungall, 2007), at Savannah in Western Australia (Barnes and Mungall, 2018), and in several localities in China (Lu et al, 2019) (see review by . Blade-shaped dikes appear to form only in areas where density contrasts in the country rocks limit upward ascent and where a radial stress field favors linear rather than planar magma emplacement (e.g., Rubin and Pollard, 1987;Bolchover and Lister, 1999).…”

Section: Geometry Of the Eagle's Nest Dikementioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Net-Textured Sulfides in Magmatic Sulfide Deposits: Insights from the Eagle’s Nest Ni-Cu-(Platinum Group Element) Deposit, McFaulds Lake Greenstone Belt, Superior Province, Canada

et al. 2022

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The Eagle’s Nest Ni-Cu-(platinum group element; PGE) deposit occurs within the 2.73 Ga Esker intrusive complex of the Ring of Fire intrusive suite in the McFaulds Lake greenstone belt of northern Ontario. Mineralization occurs along the northern margin of a formerly ~500-m-high, ~85-m-thick, >1,500-m-long subvertical structurally rotated blade-shaped dike composed of harzburgite, lherzolite, and wehrlite. Three sulfide textural facies are present (percentage as proportion of total mineralization): (1) disseminated (~5%), (2) net texture (~80%), and (3) semimassive to massive (~15%). Five subfacies of net texture have been identified: (1) bimodal olivine-bearing leopard net texture (~50%), (2) inclusion net texture (~5%), (3) orthopyroxene-bearing pinto net texture (<1%), (4) localized zones of disrupted net texture (~30%) containing 3- to 5-cm-thick zones of barren amoeboid crosscutting pyroxenite, and (5) fine-grained patchy net texture (~15%). All textural facies are characterized by typical magmatic pyrrhotite-pentlandite-chalcopyrite-(platinum group mineral) assemblages. Massive sulfides are localized in two embayments along the basal contact separated by a topographic high, grading upward to rare semimassive, laterally more continuous net-textured, and disseminated sulfides, with gradational contacts between all textures except massive. Similar mean ore tenors of different sulfide textural facies (Ni100 ~7.5, Cu100 ~4.8), suggest that the majority of the mineralization formed from similar magma compositions at similar magma/sulfide ratios, but the presence of different inclusion populations (peridotite, gabbro, chromitite) and the presence of disrupted net texture indicates that the olivine, inclusions, and sulfide melts accumulated from multiple pulses in a dynamic system. The smaller, blade-shaped, sulfide-rich, chromite-poor Eagle’s Nest body does not appear to be the feeder to the overlying larger, oblate, sulfide-poor, chromite-rich Double Eagle body. This highlights the need to understand the fluid dynamics of entire plumbing systems when exploring for these deposit types and the significance of smaller, more dynamic magmatic conduits as environments favorable for Ni-Cu-(PGE) mineralization.

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“…Two typical Na-metasomatic uranium deposits (Jiling and Xinshuijing uranium deposits) occur in the middle part of the LMB [9,34]. The world-famous Jinchuan Ni-Cu sulfide (Pt) deposit is located in the eastern part of this metallogenic belt [35][36][37].…”

Section: The Longshoushan Uranium Metallogenetic Belt (Lmb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Uranium Mineralogical and Chemical Features of the Na-Metasomatic Type Uranium Deposit in the Longshoushan Metallogenic Belt, Northwestern China

Wang

Liu

et al. 2020

Minerals

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The Longshoushan Metallogenic Belt (northwestern China) is known for its word-class Jinchuan Ni-Cu sulfide (Pt) deposit and is also an important uranium metallogenic belt. The Jiling uranium deposit in this belt is a typical Na-metasomatic uranium deposit, which rarely occurs in China. Mineralization in the Jiling uranium deposit is hosted in granitoids that have suffered a Na-metasomatic alteration. There are three kinds of uranium minerals, including uraninite, pitchblende, and coffinite in the Jiling uranium deposit. Pitchblende is the predominant uranium mineral. Integrating the mineralogy and geochemistry of uranium minerals, and in situ electron microprobe analyzer (EMPA) U-Th-Pb chemical dating, we aimed to unravel the age and nature of the mineralization, to decipher the characteristics of the hydrothermal alteration and the U mineralization process. Based on the microtextural features and compositional variations, primary uraninite was altered to uraninite A and B, and fresh pitchblende was altered to pitchblende A and B. The best-preserved uraninite crystals displayed a euhedral-shape with high Pb and low SiO2, CaO, FeO, and Al2O3 contents, and was interpreted as primary uraninite. The EMPA U-Th-Pb chemical ages revealed that uraninite may have formed at 435.9 ± 3.3 Ma. High ThO2 + ΣREE2O3 + Y2O3 contents illustrated that the best preserved uraninite crystallized at a high temperature. Altered pitchblende A showed a relatively brighter gray color in backscattered electron (BSE) images and with a lower SiO2 content than B. Three analysis spots of the fresh pitchblende showed low contents of ΣSiO2 + CaO, indicating no obvious alteration. EMPA U-Th-Pb chemical dating gave a mean chemical age of 361 Ma. The low Th + ΣREE2O3 contents indicated that this pitchblende formed at a relatively low temperature. According to the different characteristics of occurrence and chemical composition, the coffinite in the Jiling uranium deposit can be divided into coffinite A and B, respectively. The compositional variation of the fresh and altered uraninite and pitchblende indicated that both uraninite and pitchblende underwent at least two discrete hydrothermal fluid alterations. The U mineralization was divided into two stages; uraninite was formed at a high temperature and possibly from a magmatic-hydrothermal fluid during ore stage I. Then, pitchblende was formed at a low temperature, during ore stage II. According to the petrographic observations and their chemical compositions, coffinite A and B resulted from the alterations of uraninite and pitchblende, respectively.

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Geochemistry and genesis of magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) and PGE-(Cu)-(Ni) deposits in China

Cited by 40 publications

References 174 publications

Nickel in olivine as an exploration indicator for magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits: A data review and re-evaluation

Nickel in olivine as an exploration indicator for magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits: A data review and re-evaluation

Diversity of Net-Textured Sulfides in Magmatic Sulfide Deposits: Insights from the Eagle’s Nest Ni-Cu-(Platinum Group Element) Deposit, McFaulds Lake Greenstone Belt, Superior Province, Canada

Uranium Mineralogical and Chemical Features of the Na-Metasomatic Type Uranium Deposit in the Longshoushan Metallogenic Belt, Northwestern China

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