Geochemistry and fluid characteristics of the Dalli porphyry Cu–Au deposit, Central Iran

Genesis of the Xishadegai Mo deposit in Inner Mongolia, North China: Constraints from geology, geochronology, fluid inclusion, and isotopic compositions

“…Petrography and microthermometry of fluid inclusions trapped in hydrothermal veins provide insights into the nature of ore‐forming fluids and the formation of ore deposits (Lu, ; Roedder, , ). Three major types of fluid inclusions developed in the Xishadegai deposit, including two‐phase aqueous inclusions, CO 2 ‐H 2 O inclusions, and daughter mineral‐bearing inclusions, which are commonly identified in hydrothermal minerals of many porphyry deposits worldwide (Chen et al, ; Lecumberri‐Sanchez et al, ; Ni et al, , ; Pirajno, ; Wang, Zhou, et al, ; Wu, Chen, & Zhou, ; Zarasvandi et al, ), such as the Bajo de la Alumbrera Cu deposit, Argentina (Ulrich, Gunther, & Heinrich, ), the Red Mountain Cu deposit, Arizona (Lecumberri‐Sanchez et al, ), the Elatsite Cu‐Au deposit, Bulgaria (Stefanova et al, ), the Shuijiadian Cu deposit, China (Wang, Zhou, et al, ), and the Dalli porphyry Cu‐Au deposit, Central Iran (Zarasvandi et al, ). Containing abundant CO 2 ‐H 2 O inclusions is a remarkable feature at Xishadegai, whereas brines are typically less common.…”

“…Phase separation (immiscibility or boiling) is widely developed in geological systems, including immiscibility of basic and felsic magmas, magma and hydrothermal fluids, saline aqueous and CO 2 fluids, and boiling of aqueous fluids (Lecumberri‐Sanchez et al, ; Lu, ; Roedder, ; Ulrich et al, ; Wang, Zhou, et al, ; Zarasvandi et al, ). As an effective mechanism of ore deposition, it is involved in many magmatic‐related ore deposits, especially in porphyry–skarn polymetallic systems (Bodnar, ; Chi & Lu, ; Lu, , ; Ni et al, , , ; Roedder, ; Roedder & Bodnar, ; Stefanova et al, ; Wang, Zhang, et al, ; Zhang, Gu, Liu, et al, ).…”

“…In general, the porphyry Mo deposits can be further subdivided into three subtypes (Chen et al, , ; and references therein) according to tectonic setting, deposit geology, as well as features of ore‐forming fluid and ore‐related intrusions, that is, the Endako‐ or subduction‐type (Deng, Chen, Santosh, & Yao, ; Lawley, Richard, Anderson, Creaser, & Heaman, ; Selby, Nesbitt, Muehlenbachs, & Prochaska, ; Wang, Chen, et al, ; Zhang & Li, ), the Climax‐ or rift‐type (Chen, Zhang, et al, ; Klemm, Pettke, & Heinrich, ; Seedorff & Einaudi, , ; Wallace, ), and the Dabie‐ or collision‐type (Chen et al, , ; Li et al, , ; Mi et al, ; Wang et al, ; Wu et al, ; Yang et al, , , ). In the Xishadegai Mo deposit, the main ore‐stage quartz contains abundant CO 2 ‐ and daughter minerals‐bearing inclusions, which is considered as a diagnostic marker of intracontinental/collisional magmatic hydrothermal systems (Chen & Li, ; Pirajno & Zhou, ; Zarasvandi et al, ). In addition, the anhydrous mineral assemblages of K‐feldspar, fluorite, and carbonate, with weak hydrous propylitic alteration, are considered to be caused by low H 2 O activity fluids with high K/Na, F/Cl, and CO 2 /H 2 O ratios (Chen et al, , ; Chen & Li, ; Pirajno & Zhou, ).…”

Fluid inclusions and C–H–O–S–Pb isotope systematics of the Senj Mo–Cu deposit, Alborz magmatic belt, northern Iran: implications for fluid evolution and regional mineralization

“…16). It seems that magnetite crystallization during the formation of S-type FIs leads to the progressive reduction of sulphates Liang et al 2009;Zarasvandi et al 2015) and oversaturation of S 2− resulting in deposition of sulphide minerals during hydrothermal boiling synchronous with the formation of L-and V-type FIs. This event results from episodic hydraulic fracturing and healing caused by fluid boiling and mixing, the fluid system evolved toward low-temperature, low-salinity conditions, which only happened with L-type inclusions (e.g.…”

Geochemistry of skarn and porphyry deposits in relation to epithermal mineralization in the Arasbaran metallogenic zone, NE Tabriz, Iran

“…The most im por tant por phyry de pos its in Iran in clude the ( Fig. 1): Sungun (Calagari, 2003), Dali (Zarasvandi et al, 2015), Aliabad (Zarasvandi et al, 2005), Sarcheshmeh (Aftabi and Atapour, 2010), Meiduk (Aftabi et al, 2008) and Shadan (Karimpour et al, 2014) de pos its. Some of the rec og nized epi ther mal Au de pos its of Iran are lo cated in the AMZ (Fig.…”