Geochemical study of a crater lake: Pavin Lake, France — Identification, location and quantification of the chemical reactions in the lake

Michard, Gil; Viollier, Éric; Jézéquel, Didier; Sarazin, Gérard

doi:10.1016/0009-2541(94)90147-3

Cited by 71 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…Reactions of trace metals with sulfides (Hamilton-Taylor et al 1996) seem mainly to be located below the oxic-anoxic boundary and to be important for U, Mo, Cu, and Co (Viollier et al 1997). In the bottom layer, coprecipitation of iron and phosphate with a ratio close to that of vivianite (Michard et al 1994) seems to be the main scavenging mechanism, especially for barium (Viollier et al 1997), although Ba scavenging by Fe, Mn-oxides, or both at the redox boundary also occurs in Lake Pavin as mentioned elsewhere (Sugiyama et al 1992). At the water-sediment interface, transient release of metals (Hamilton-Taylor and Davison 1995) seems to be due to transitions between iron phases (iron phosphate to pyrite).…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two groups of elements may be distinguished on the basis of their depth profiles in the bottom 30 m. In each group, profiles look alike and two parameter values can be linearly correlated (Michard et al 1994;Viollier et al 1995a). One group contains Cs, Li, Rb, B, Cl, Na, K, Ca, and Mg which are collectively presented by the Cs, Li, and Rb profiles in Fig.…”

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stagnant deep layer of meromictic lakes (the monimolimnion), which usually exhibits an accumulation of dissolved elements, is highly suitable for studies of physical and biogeochemical phenomena, especially in anoxic conditions (Balistrieri et al 1994;Viollier et al 1995aViollier et al , 1997Hongve 1997). In some cases (e.g., Lake Pavin, Massif-Central, France) an approximate steady-state may be reached in the monimolimnion, owing to the depth profiles of chemical species which are stable over several years (Michard et al 1994). In locations where there is enough water depth between the oxic-anoxic transition zone and the bottom of the lake, a depth zoning of the different processes may be expected.…”

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Interactions between trace elements and dissolved organic matter in the stagnant anoxic deep layer of a meromictic lake

Albéric

Voillier

Jézéquel

et al. 2000

Limnology & Oceanography

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About 80% and more than 90% of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the bottom water of Lake Pavin were isolated, respectively, on Amberlite XAD and Spherodex DEAE resins. Trace element concentrations in the fractions isolated were analyzed by using ICP-MS. Uranium, molybdenum, and antimony were found to be about 40% associated with fulvic and hydrophilic acids adsorbed on XAD resins at pH 2, the metal-organic association being not dissociated. Much higher percentages of the same elements, plus vanadium, were adsorbed on the DEAE resin at the pH of natural water, possibly because of the better preservation of acid labile organic complexes or of the supplementary adsorption of inorganic compounds. Ultrafiltration and dialysis made it possible to exclude colloidal fractions together with much U (78%), Mo (80%), V (55%), and DOC (65%). These elements and many others (including barium) were previously found to be quite reactive at the bottom of the lake, (apparently being scavenged by settling particles, which are mostly diatoms, then dissolved at the sediment-water interface). Conversely, trace elements with a conservative behavior in the bottom layer (such as lithium and cesium) were not found associated with dissolved organic mater (DOM). Barium was not strongly associated with the extractable DOM, which may argue for a direct interaction with inorganic particles or the existence of very labile complexes. Our work suggests the existence of relatively stable (nonacid labile) U and Mo-DOM colloidal associations in the anoxic bottom waters of the lake and their importance in the scavenging of those metals.Although the general features of the cycling of many metals have been described in numerous lakes (e.g., Kuhn et al.

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Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acknowledgmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactions between trace elements and dissolved organic matter in the stagnant anoxic deep layer of a meromictic lake

Albéric

Voillier

Jézéquel

et al. 2000

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…L'exemple que nous présentons ici est relatif au principal lac méromictique français, le lac Pavin, qui a fait l'objet de nombreuses études (BERTHOULE, 1896 ;DELEBECQUE, 1898 ;OLIVIER, 1952 ;ALVINERIE ef a/., 1966 ;PELLETIER, 1968 ;MEY-BECK ef al., 1975 ;DEVAUX et al, 1983 ;AMBLARD et RESTITUITO, 1984 ;RESTl-TUITO, 1984, 1987MARTIN, 1985 ;MARTIN ef al., 1992 ;CAMUS et al, 1993 ;COSSA ef al., 1994 ;MICHARD et al, 1994 ;VlOLLIER ef al., 1995VlOLLIER ef al., , 1997AESCH-BACH-HERTIG ef al., 1999 ;ALBÉRIC ef al., 2000). Il ne s'agit pas, comme dans les modélisations de la chimie des eaux interstitielles citées précédemment, de pré-voir la composition chimique à partir d'une série de réactions posées a priori, mais d'obtenir à partir des concentrations observées des informations sur les réactions faisant passer les éléments de la phase dissoute à la phase solide ou inversement.…”

Section: -Introductionunclassified

Vitesses de réaction de dissolution et précipitation au voisinage de l'interface oxydo-réducteur dans un lac méromictique : le lac Pavin (Puy de Dôme, France)

Michard¹,

Jézéquel²,

Viollier³

2005

rseau

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Une étude à l'échelle centimétrique de l'interface redox situé à la limite entre mixolimnion et monimolimnion d'un lac méromictique (le lac Pavin) a permis d'observer très finement l'évolution de la concentration d'un certain nombre d'éléments chimiques. Nous avons choisi de présenter ici des résultats concernant 5 éléments qui présentent des comportements très contrastés : le rubidium, le fer, le baryum, le vanadium et le manganèse. La comparaison avec un élément conservatif, le sodium, montre que Rb est conservatif, que Fe, Ba et V sont précipités et que Mn est dissous dans cette zone.Une modélisation de ces concentrations en vue de préciser à quelle profondeur et avec quelle vitesse se produisent les réactions concernant ces éléments nécessite la détermination des paramètres de transport au voisinage de cet interface.Une représentation analytique des concentrations de sodium permet de calculer le coefficient de diffusion turbulente Kz en fonction de la profondeur. Au voisinage de l'interface redox, ce coefficient est très petit (0,0017m2/jour) et inférieur au coefficient de diffusion thermique moléculaire.Les concentrations des éléments étudiés ont pu être représentés avec précisions par des polynômes en fonction de la concentration en sodium.Cela permet d'estimer les vitesses des réactions de précipitation dissolution en fonction de la profondeur. Le rubidium n'est affecté par aucune réaction. Le fer précipite entre 63 et 65 m, le baryum entre 68 et 72 m tandis que le vanadium précipite à la fois dans ces 2 zones. Le manganèse réagit dans une zone très étroite : il est précipité entre 61,5 et 62 m et dissous entre 62,8 et 63,1 m.Une étude similaire de tous les éléments majeurs (y compris pH et COD) pourrait permettre d'élucider les processus qui conduisent à ces comportements complexes.Lake Pavin, French Massif Central, is the main meromictic lake in France and has been extensively studied from more than 50 years. The upper part (mixolimnion) at a depth of less than about 60 m behaves as an oligotrophic lake and is oxic during the major part of the year. The lower layer (monimolimnion) has a higher salinity and is permanently anoxic. Unlike the top of the mixolimnion, element concentrations in the monimolimnion can be considered at steady state. The boundary between mixolimnion and monimolimnion is a redox interface. At this interface, an important number of both chemical and biochemical reactions occur. This boundary, where element concentrations vary greatly, was studied at the centimeter scale between 58 and 64 m depth. The present paper is focused on five elements showing very different behaviour: rubidium, iron, manganese, vanadium and barium. Sodium was used as a reference element. Sodium and rubidium concentrations had similar patterns: a progressive increase began at 61 m depth and the maximal gradient was located at 63 m. They continue to increase towards the bottom of the lake. Iron concentrations were low (< 1 µmol/L) at a depth less than 62.8 m and increased very sharply below this depth. Manganes...

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“…In Lac Pavin also, despite the small size of its catchment, high concentrations of silica remained constant throughout the sampling campaign (mean : 14.9, SD ± 1.0 mg/1). Sub-lacustrine springs rich in dissolved silica are thought to be partly responsible for this sustained high level (Michard et al 1994).…”

Section: Summary Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Limnological characteristics of 25 lakes of the French Massif Central

Rioual

2002

Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim.

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Concentrations of a wide range of chemical variables were determined in 206 water samples taken between May 1996 and May 1998 from a set of 25 natural lakes in the French Massif Central. From each lake 6 to 9 samples were collected. Mean and standard deviation of total alkalinity, conductivity, pH, concentrations in K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Na + , CI -, S0 4 2 , total phosphorus, nitrate-nitrogen, dissolved silica, chlorophyll a, and water colour were calculated for each lake. These results are briefly compared with those obtained in an earlier study in which chemical analyses were carried out on a reduced set of lakes from the same region. In most lakes and for most elements, concentrations observed in the present study were similar to those observed previously. The seasonal variations of the elements which are most strongly influenced by biological processes were also investigated. Using hierarchical cluster analysis three main lake groups were distinguished : i) alkaline lakes, ii) deep lakes with low alkalinity and iii) shallow lakes with low alkalinity. The major patterns of variation in the data set were also investigated using principal components analysis (PCA), which confirms that total alkalinity and maximum water depth are the main environmental gradients in this set of lakes. In conclusion, the potential of this data-set for building diatom-based transfer functions to reconstruct past limnological conditions is discussed. Caractéristiques limnologiques de 25 lacs du Massif Central françaisMots-clés : chimie des eaux, Massif Central, lac de cratère, ACP, classification hiérarchique.Les concentrations en éléments majeurs des eaux de 25 lacs naturels du Massif Central ont été déterminées à partir de l'analyse chimique de 206 échantillons prélevés entre mai 1996 et mai 1998. Pour chaque lac, 6 à 9 échantillons ont été analysés. Les valeurs moyennes et les écart-types sont calculés pour les variables chimiques telles que l'alcalinité totale, la conductivité, le pH, les concentrations en K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Na + , Cl", S0 4 2~, phosphore total, N-N0 3 , silice dissoute, chlorophylle a, et la couleur de l'eau. Ces résultats sont comparés brièvement avec ceux obtenus lors d'analyses chimiques antérieures effectuées sur un nombre réduit de lacs de la même région. Il apparaît que dans la plupart des lacs étudiés les concentrations en éléments majeurs sont restés stables. Les variations saisonnières des éléments fortement influencés par les processus biologiques sont aussi discutées. La classification hiérarchique permet de distinguer trois groupes principaux de lacs : i) lacs caractérisés par leurs eaux alcalines, ii) lacs profonds d'eau peu alcaline et iii) lacs peu profonds d'eau peu alcaline. L'analyse en composantes principales (ACP) confirme que l'alcalinité totale et la profondeur d'eau maximale représentent les gradients environnementaux majeurs pour l'ensemble de ces lacs. En conclusion, le potentiel de ce jeu de données pour établir des fonctions de transferts entre les peuplements de diatomées et la c...

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Geochemical study of a crater lake: Pavin Lake, France — Identification, location and quantification of the chemical reactions in the lake

Cited by 71 publications

References 9 publications

Interactions between trace elements and dissolved organic matter in the stagnant anoxic deep layer of a meromictic lake

Interactions between trace elements and dissolved organic matter in the stagnant anoxic deep layer of a meromictic lake

Vitesses de réaction de dissolution et précipitation au voisinage de l'interface oxydo-réducteur dans un lac méromictique : le lac Pavin (Puy de Dôme, France)

Limnological characteristics of 25 lakes of the French Massif Central

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