Geochemical studies of natural graphites by INAA determined trace element concentrations

Janczyszyn, J.; Kwiecińska, Barbara

doi:10.1007/s10967-015-4247-6

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…) and for some niche determinations including Se (Duran et al . ), I and Br (Sekimoto and Ebihara ; radiochemical NAA in this cited case), graphite (Janczyszyn and Kwiecińska ) and the investigation of difficult or complex matrices such as chromitite (Akhter et al . ).…”

Section: Developments In Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In geochemistry, INAA is used as a routine analytical technique for trace elements (Santos et al 2015, Akinlua et al 2016, Mizera et al 2017 and for some niche determinations including Se (Duran et al 2016), I and Br (Sekimoto and Ebihara 2016; radiochemical NAA in this cited case), graphite (Janczyszyn and Kwieci nska 2016) and the investigation of difficult or complex matrices such as chromitite (Akhter et al 2016). An interesting development of INAA is the capacity for non-destructive analysis of very small samples, offering an advantage over the ubiquitous yet destructive LA method developed a protocol for microgram scale samples (having less than a few milligrams) and tested this approach a meteoritic grain and a magnetic spherule, with calibration using Allende meteorite powder (USMN 3529, Smithsonian Institution) and JB-1 RM (GSJ).…”

Section: Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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GGR Biennial Critical Review: Analytical Developments Since 2014

Linge

Bèdard

Bugoi

et al. 2017

Geostandard Geoanalytic Res

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This GGR biennial critical review covers developments and innovations in key analytical methods published since January 2014, relevant to the chemical, isotopic and crystallographic characterisation of geological and environmental materials. In nine selected analytical fields, publications considered to be of wide significance are summarised, background information is provided and their importance evaluated. In addition to instrumental technologies, this review also presents a summary of new developments in the preparation and characterisation of rock, microanalytical and isotopic reference materials, including a précis of recent changes and revisions to ISO guidelines for reference material characterisation and reporting. Selected reports are provided of isotope ratio analyses by both solution-nebulisation MC-ICP-MS and laser ablation-ICP-MS, as well as of radioactive isotope geochronology by LA-ICP-MS. Most of the analytical techniques elaborated continue to provide new applications for geochemical analysis, however it is noted that instrumental neutron activation analysis has become less popular in recent years, mostly due to the reduced availability of nuclear reactors to act as a neutron source. Many of the newer applications reported here provide analysis at increasingly finer resolution. Examples include atom probe tomography, a very sensitive method providing atomic scale information, nanoscale SIMS, for isotopic imaging of geological and biological samples, and micro-XRF, which has a spatial resolution many orders of magnitude smaller than conventional XRF

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Section: Developments In Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

GGR Biennial Critical Review: Analytical Developments Since 2014

Linge

Bèdard

Bugoi

et al. 2017

Geostandard Geoanalytic Res

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Ideal and real structures of different forms of carbon, with some remarks on their geological significance

Langenhorst

Campione

2018

JGS

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Carbon is found in nature in a huge variety of allotropic forms and recent research in materials science has encouraged the development of technological materials based on nanocarbon. Carbon atoms with sp 2 or sp 3 hybridization can be thought of as building blocks. Following a bottom-up approach, we show how graphene and diamond molecules are built up and how their properties vary with size, reaching an upper limit with bulk graphite and diamond. Carbon atoms with sp 2 hybridization give rise to an impressive number of different materials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoribbons, porous carbon and fullerene. As in any crystalline phase, the crystal structures of natural carbon allotropes (i.e. graphite and diamond) contain various types of imperfections. These so-called lattice defects are classified by their dimensions into 0D (point), 1D (line), 2D (planar) and 3D (volume) defects. Lattice defects control the physical properties of crystals and are often a fingerprint of the geological environment in which they formed and were modified. Direct observations of lattice defects are commonly accomplished by transmission electron microscopy. We present and discuss the ideal and real structures of carbon allotropes, the energetics of lattice defects and their significance in understanding geological processes and conditions.

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Determination of Elements in Acid Leaching of Graphite Using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis

Fisli¹,

Mustika²,

Sudirman³

et al. 2019

IJC

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Graphite material is extremely undissolvable to be turned into chemical solutions, therefore sample preparation is a serious problem faced in the determination of elemental impurity content in a graphite material. In this work, The nondestructive approach of instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) is applied to determine the concentration of multi-element in a graphite material, by employing both the forth floating process and the acid treatment method to the local Indonesian graphite. The sample was irradiated in the Rabbit system of G.A. Sywabessy Multi-Purpose Reactor at Serpong, Indonesia. The precision of the analysis was evaluated using certified reference materials which were obtained good performance with the most of concentration value in the range of 3 < zheta score < -3. Eleven elemental (Al, Sb, Co, Cu, La, Mn, Sc, Na, W, V, and Zn) concentration were determined in the forth floating process of the graphite. The Cu elemental is the most content with the value of 60,8 mg/kg or about 90% of total concentration content in graphite. Followed by the Sb content with a value of 5,5 mg/kg (about 8% of total impurities content in graphite). The remaining 2% includes the intermediate and the minor content of other impurity elements. After the acid treatment, the total concentration of impurities contained in the graphite material drastically decreases from 6.7% w/w to about 0,1; 0.6; and 0.59 % w/w for treatment employing the HF,  HNO3+H2SO4,and HF+HCl+H2SO4 acid reagent, respectively. Cu element makes the largest contribution to reduce the concentration of impurities in graphite which decreased from 60,675 mg/kg to 1,088 mg/kg; 925 mg/kg and 835 mg/kg for HF, HNO3+H2SO4 and HF+HCl+H2SO4 acid reagent, respectively. In addition, Sb element concentration dropped dramatically from 5,514 mg/kg to 93 mg/kg using HF reagents. The other trace elements (As, Ba, Ca, Ce, Eu, Fe, Mg, Sm, and Th) were also identified in the acid reagent treated graphite sample which are suspected to derivates from the impurity reagent and or from contamination during the sample preparation. The treated HF for graphite was obtained the low purity grades approach for nuclear graphite.

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Geochemical studies of natural graphites by INAA determined trace element concentrations

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

GGR Biennial Critical Review: Analytical Developments Since 2014

GGR Biennial Critical Review: Analytical Developments Since 2014

Ideal and real structures of different forms of carbon, with some remarks on their geological significance

Determination of Elements in Acid Leaching of Graphite Using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis

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