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Bamboo corals are promising archives of paleoceanographic conditions. Existing calibrations for element‐to‐calcium ratio (El/Ca) proxies of bamboo corals, however, are not necessarily calibrated to contemporaneous environmental parameters, thus weakening the reliability of the proxies. Here, we aim at calibrating the proxies by comparing El/Ca in the outermost surface of the calcareous skeletons of live‐collected bamboo corals from the South China Sea (SCS) with modern environmental records. Statistical analysis suggests that Mg/Ca and Ba/Ca can be expressed as a function of in situ seawater temperature and silicate concentration, respectively, that is, Mg/Ca (mmol/mol) = 2.17 ± 0.51 * T (°C) + 74.90 ± 2.66 and Ba/Ca (μmol/mol) = 0.070 ± 0.020 * Silicate (μmol/kg) + 7.27 ± 2.42. The slope of the Mg/Ca‐T equation from this study is slightly different from that in a previous study on bamboo corals, likely due to taxonomic and/or geographic differences of the corals and/or differences in sampling strategy and pre‐treatment method. Intra‐ and inter‐coral variations have small effects on Mg/Ca, yielding an uncertainty of 2.04 mmol/mol in Mg/Ca (95% confidence interval), equivalent to 0.94°C in estimated temperature. The slope of the Ba/Ca‐silicate equation is the same as that in a previous study, suggesting little effect of geographic difference on Ba/Ca. Intra‐ and inter‐coral variations in Ba/Ca are larger than those in Mg/Ca, possibly reflecting incorporation of multiple Ba‐rich particulate phases and/or highly variable nutrient concentrations in the micro‐environment near corals. These new calibrations allow reconstructions of paleo‐temperature and nutrient concentration in the SCS on decadal and longer timescales.
Bamboo corals are promising archives of paleoceanographic conditions. Existing calibrations for element‐to‐calcium ratio (El/Ca) proxies of bamboo corals, however, are not necessarily calibrated to contemporaneous environmental parameters, thus weakening the reliability of the proxies. Here, we aim at calibrating the proxies by comparing El/Ca in the outermost surface of the calcareous skeletons of live‐collected bamboo corals from the South China Sea (SCS) with modern environmental records. Statistical analysis suggests that Mg/Ca and Ba/Ca can be expressed as a function of in situ seawater temperature and silicate concentration, respectively, that is, Mg/Ca (mmol/mol) = 2.17 ± 0.51 * T (°C) + 74.90 ± 2.66 and Ba/Ca (μmol/mol) = 0.070 ± 0.020 * Silicate (μmol/kg) + 7.27 ± 2.42. The slope of the Mg/Ca‐T equation from this study is slightly different from that in a previous study on bamboo corals, likely due to taxonomic and/or geographic differences of the corals and/or differences in sampling strategy and pre‐treatment method. Intra‐ and inter‐coral variations have small effects on Mg/Ca, yielding an uncertainty of 2.04 mmol/mol in Mg/Ca (95% confidence interval), equivalent to 0.94°C in estimated temperature. The slope of the Ba/Ca‐silicate equation is the same as that in a previous study, suggesting little effect of geographic difference on Ba/Ca. Intra‐ and inter‐coral variations in Ba/Ca are larger than those in Mg/Ca, possibly reflecting incorporation of multiple Ba‐rich particulate phases and/or highly variable nutrient concentrations in the micro‐environment near corals. These new calibrations allow reconstructions of paleo‐temperature and nutrient concentration in the SCS on decadal and longer timescales.
The skeletons of long-lived bamboo coral (Family Keratoisididae) are promising archives for deep-water palaeoceanographic reconstructions as they can record environmental variation at sub-decadal resolution in locations where in-situ measurements lack temporal coverage. Yet, detailed three dimensional (3D) characterisations of bamboo coral skeletal architecture are not routinely available and non-destructive investigations into microscale variations in calcification are rare. Here, we provide high-resolution micro-focus computed tomography (µCT) data of skeletal density for two species of bamboo coral (Acanella arbuscula: 5 specimens, voxel size, 15 µm (central branch scans) and 50 µm (complete structure scan); Keratoisis sp.: 4 specimens, voxel size, 15 µm) collected from the Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay deep-water basins, Eastern Canadian Arctic. These data provide reference models useful for developing methods to assess structural integrity and other fine-scale complexities in many biological, geological, and industrial systems. This will be of wider value to those investigating structural composition, arrangement and/or composition of complex architecture within the fields and subdisciplines of biology, ecology, medicine, environmental geology, and structural engineering.
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