Geochemical profiles in the central Arctic Ocean: Their relation to freezing and shallow circulation

Moore, Robert M.; Lowings, Malcolm G.; Tan, F. C.

doi:10.1029/jc088ic04p02667

Cited by 94 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…We have identified two locations (the area north of Ellesmere Island and the Chukchi Abyssal Plain) discussed in the previous section where changes in summer Pacific halocline water signature are most evident, as the AO index varies between positive and negative states. As mentioned previously, we caution that these schematic circulations based on temperature and salinity alone may be subject to modification when analyses using chemical tracer data are applied to this subject [e.g., Moore et al, 1983;Jones et al, 1998]. In particular, the presence of a temperature maximum identifies areas with relatively recent renewal of summer Pacific halocline water, on timescales discussed in the previous section.…”

Section: Summer Pacific Halocline Water Circulation and The Arctic Osmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was the case in the sBSW signal ( Figure 13). Other tracers may have a longer timescale for dissipation (such as the nutrient signal discussed by Moore et al [1983]) and thus might persist in this region (and in its outflows to the North Atlantic Ocean) for longer than the temperature maximum.…”

Section: Negative Ao Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A caveat is that this climatological field is laterally smoothed and vertically sparse (see the lower depth scale in Figure 2c), which may impact the spatial characteristics of water mass positions and boundaries. Another caveat is that the temperature maximum may diffuse away while other chemical signatures of Pacific origin waters remain [Moore et al, 1983;Jones et al, 2003]; that is, the true extent may be larger than that shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Circulation of summer Pacific halocline water in the Arctic Ocean

et al. 2004

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We present an analysis of Arctic Ocean hydrographic and sea ice observations from the 1990s, with a focus on the circulation of water that originates in the North Pacific Ocean. Previous studies have shown the presence of two varieties of relatively warm “summer halocline water” in the vicinity of the Chukchi Sea, i.e., the relatively fresh Alaskan Coastal Water (ACW) and the relatively saltier summer Bering Sea Water (sBSW). Here we extend these studies by tracing the circulation of these waters downstream into the Arctic Ocean. We find that ACW is generally most evident in the southern Beaufort Gyre, while sBSW is strongest in the northern portion of the Beaufort Gyre and along the Transpolar Drift Stream. We find that this separation is most extreme during the early mid‐1990s, when the Arctic Oscillation was at historically high index values. This leads us to speculate that the outflow to the North Atlantic Ocean (through the Canadian Archipelago and Fram Strait) may be similarly separated. As Arctic Oscillation index values fell during the later 1990s, ACW and sBSW began to overlap in their regions of influence. These changes are evident in the area north of Ellesmere Island, where the influence of sBSW is highly correlated, with a 3‐year lag, with the Arctic Oscillation index. We also note the presence of winter Bering Sea Water (wBSW), which underlies the summer varieties. All together, this brings the number of distinct Pacific water types in our Arctic Ocean inventory to three: ACW, sBSW, and wBSW.

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Section: Summer Pacific Halocline Water Circulation and The Arctic Osmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Negative Ao Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Circulation of summer Pacific halocline water in the Arctic Ocean

et al. 2004

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“…Note that the fractionation of the isotopes during sea-ice formation is only about +2.1‰ (Moore et al, 1983). Glacial runoff originating from Greenland would cause the freshening signal to increase southward.…”

Section: Fig 7 Measured δmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrographic Changes in Nares Strait (Canadian Arctic Archipelago) in Recent Decades Based on δ18O Profiles of Bivalve Shells

Torres¹,

Zima²,

Falkner³

et al. 2011

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. Nares Strait is one of three main passages of the Canadian Archipelago that channel relatively fresh seawater from the Arctic Ocean through Baffin Bay to the Labrador Sea. Oxygen isotopic profiles along the growth axis of bivalve shells, collected live over the 5 -30 m depth range from the Greenland and Ellesmere Island sides of the strait, were used to reconstruct changes in the hydrography of the region over the past century. The variability in oxygen isotope ratios is mainly attributed to variations in salinity and suggests that the northern end of Nares Strait has been experiencing an increase in freshwater runoff since the mid 1980s. The recent changes are most pronounced at the northern end of the strait and diminish toward the south, a pattern consistent with proximity to the apparently freshening Arctic Ocean source in the north and mixing with Baffin Bay waters as the water progresses southward. This increasing freshwater signal may reflect changes in circulation and ice formation that favor an increased flow of relatively fresh waters from the Arctic Ocean into Nares Strait.

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“…The halocline may be divided into an upper and a lower halocline using salinity and nutrients. Salinities of 32.5 to 33.5 and a nutrient maximum imprinted in the Chukchi and East Siberian Seas characterize the Pacific origin of the upper halocline (Jones and Anderson, 1986;Jones et al, 1991;Kinney and Burrell, 1970;Moore et al, 1983;Morison et al, 1998). Pacific waters of winter origin tend to enter the interior Arctic below the upper mixed layer because they are generally more saline (Weingartner et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep water circulation and composition in the Arctic Ocean by dissolved barium, aluminium and silicate

et al. 2012

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As part of the ARK-XXII/2 Polarstern expedition in summer 2007, dissolved Ba was analyzed in the Eurasian Basins and the Makarov Basin including the Alpha and Mendeleyev Ridges as well as on the adjacent shelves. The data was compared with data of dissolved Al and Si from the same cruise. Superimposed on the gradual increase of concentration with depth by dissolution of the particle rain, we observe different flow patterns in intermediate waters along the track. In the Atlantic and Intermediate Depth Water (AIDW) in the Amundsen Basin the influence from Eurasian shelf water can be seen in slightly enhanced concentrations of dissolved Ba compared with Al and Si. At the same time Al concentrations decrease with distance from the Eurasian shelves. Source waters to the Atlantic Layer Water (ALW) in the Makarov Basin have the same background Ba concentrations as the Nansen AIDW. We describe the distributions of the elements in the Deep Eurasian and Bottom Water (DEBW) by deep shelf convection as well as diffusion from sediments controlling concentrations in the Nansen DEBW while in the Amundsen DEBW diffusion from sediments appears to be more important. In the Makarov Basin inflow from the Canadian Basin and overflow from the Amundsen Basin at 2000 m depth at the Lomonosov Ridge are required to explain the composition of bottom waters.

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Geochemical profiles in the central Arctic Ocean: Their relation to freezing and shallow circulation

Cited by 94 publications

References 14 publications

Circulation of summer Pacific halocline water in the Arctic Ocean

Circulation of summer Pacific halocline water in the Arctic Ocean

Hydrographic Changes in Nares Strait (Canadian Arctic Archipelago) in Recent Decades Based on δ18O Profiles of Bivalve Shells

Deep water circulation and composition in the Arctic Ocean by dissolved barium, aluminium and silicate

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