Geochemical profile and source identification of surface and groundwater pollution of District Chitral, Northern Pakistan

Rashid, Abdur; Khattak, Seema Anjum; Ali, Liaqat; Zaib, Madeeha; Jehan, Shah; Ayub, Muhammad; Ullah, Shafi

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2018.12.025

Cited by 63 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It is estimated that about 80% municipal wastewater in developing countries is used for crop irrigation (Zeng et al 2015 ). Irrigation with wastewater and the use of fertilizers and pesticides greatly affect the physicochemical characteristics and quality of water (Ali et al 2019 ; Rashid et al 2019b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Swat River, Northern Pakistan, water quality using multivariate statistical techniques and water quality index (WQI) model

Jehan

Ullah

Khan

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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This study evaluates the characteristics of water along the Swat River, Northern Pakistan. For this purpose, water samples (n = 30) were collected and analyzed for physicochemical parameters including heavy metals (HM). The mean concentrations of physicochemical parameters and HM were within the drinking water guideline values set by the World Health Organization (WHO 2011) except 34%, 60%, and 56% of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb), respectively. Pollution sources were identified by various multivariate statistical techniques including correlation analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) indicating different origins both naturally and anthropogenically. Results of the water quality index (WQI) ranged from 13.58 to 209 with an average value of 77 suggesting poor water quality for drinking and domestic purposes. The poor water quality was mainly related to high sodium (alkalinity) and salinity hazards showing > 27% and 20% water samples have poor alkalinity and salinity hazards, respectively. Hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were used to determine the health risk of HM in the study area. For water-related health risk, HQingestion, HQdermal, and HI values were > 1, indicating noncarcinogenic health risk (NCR) posed by these HM to the exposed population.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Swat River, Northern Pakistan, water quality using multivariate statistical techniques and water quality index (WQI) model

Jehan

Ullah

Khan

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Factors such as population growth and economic development have resulted in elevated concentrations of pollutants in water bodies (Wang and Yang, 2016;Zhao et al, 2018;Lv et al, 2019). A variety of natural phenomena, like weathering, volcanicity, and human activities such as agriculture, mining, and manufacturing, produce pollutant-laden effluents that contaminate water bodies (Howladar, 2017;Rashid et al, 2019). Poor microbial water poses a threat to human health as this can potentially cause water-borne diseases like cholera, dysentery and typhoid (Wang and Yang, 2016;Rashid et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A variety of natural phenomena, like weathering, volcanicity, and human activities such as agriculture, mining, and manufacturing, produce pollutant-laden effluents that contaminate water bodies (Howladar, 2017;Rashid et al, 2019). Poor microbial water poses a threat to human health as this can potentially cause water-borne diseases like cholera, dysentery and typhoid (Wang and Yang, 2016;Rashid et al, 2019). In addition, toxic metals are cumulative toxins with public health risks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance intensification of the coagulation process in drinking water treatment

Mungondori

Muchingami

Taziwa

et al. 2021

WSA

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Surface water pollution has increased, owing to industrial development and population growth. Consequently, it is important to find alternative drinking water treatment strategies, which cater for changes in the quality of raw water. This study compared the efficiency of different coagulants in treating raw water that feeds a drinking water treatment plant (WTP). Using jar testing equipment and a number of physicochemical parameters, an investigation was conducted to establish optimum conditions for aluminium chloride (A), ferric chloride (B), and chitosan (C), and their performance compared with aluminium sulphate (D), which is the coagulant used at the WTP. The turbidity removal efficiencies for the single coagulants were in the order: B (95.7%) > A (94.7%) > C (94.4%), at optimum coagulant doses of 60, 50, and 0.6 mg/L, respectively. The coagulants achieved high removal efficiencies for turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV254) and conductivity under acidic conditions. For dual coagulants, there was a gradual increase in the removal efficiencies of the tested parameters with increasing pH. Combined coagulants were more effective compared to single coagulants, with highest removal efficiencies being exhibited by the A/C combination. Overall, the coagulants proved to be suitable alternatives to D, since they had comparable performances.

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“…Poor groundwater quality has attracted worldwide attention particularly because of increasing dependence on groundwater as a source of water for securing the quality of life (Pazand and Javanshir, 2013). Water of adequate quantity and quality is required to meet growing household, industrial, and agricultural purposes (Rashid et al, 2019). Therefore, water quality and its management have received more attention in developing countries (Jalali, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characteristics of groundwater in Ardabil region, Iran

Pazand

2020

EFCC

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Purpose The chemical analysis of wells in the Ardabil area, Ardabil Province NW of Iran, was evaluated to determine the hydrogeochemical processes and ion concentration background in the region. The purpose of this study is to analyze the hydrochemical quality of groundwater in Ardabil aquifer in order to assess the suitability of the waters for different uses. Design/methodology/approach The chemical analysis of 75 water wells in the Ardabil area, was evaluated. Over the entire area, the dominated hydrochemical types are: Na-Cl, Na-HCO3-Cl-Mg, Ca-SO4, Ca-Mg-SO4-Cl and Ca-Mg-HCO3. The abundance of the major ions is as follows: Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+>K+ and SO42–> Cl–>HCO3– and major ion concentrations are below the acceptable level for drinking water. Most of groundwater samples fell in the soft water category. All of groundwaters belong to the excellent category and can be used safely for irrigation. Findings The chemical analysis of 75 water wells in the Ardabil area, Ardabil Province NW of Iran, was evaluated to determine the hydrogeochemical processes and ion concentration background in the region. Over the entire area, the dominated hydrochemical types are: Na-Cl, Na-HCO3-Cl-Mg, Ca-SO4, Ca-Mg-SO4-Cl and Ca-Mg-HCO3. The abundance of the major ions is as follows: Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+>K+ and SO42–> Cl–>HCO3– and major ion concentrations are below the acceptable level for drinking water. Most of groundwater samples fell in the soft water category. All of groundwaters belong to the excellent category and can be used safely for irrigation. Originality/value The chemical analysis of 75 water wells in the Ardabil area, Ardabil Province NW of Iran, was evaluated to determine the hydrogeochemical processes and ion concentration background in the region. Over the entire area, the dominated hydrochemical types are: Na-Cl, Na-HCO3-Cl-Mg, Ca-SO4, Ca-Mg-SO4-Cl and Ca-Mg-HCO3. The abundance of the major ions is as follows: Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+>K+ and SO42–> Cl–>HCO3– and major ion concentrations are below the acceptable level for drinking water. Most of groundwater samples fell in the soft water category. All of groundwaters belong to the excellent category and can be used safely for irrigation.

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Geochemical profile and source identification of surface and groundwater pollution of District Chitral, Northern Pakistan

Cited by 63 publications

References 27 publications

Evaluation of the Swat River, Northern Pakistan, water quality using multivariate statistical techniques and water quality index (WQI) model

Evaluation of the Swat River, Northern Pakistan, water quality using multivariate statistical techniques and water quality index (WQI) model

Performance intensification of the coagulation process in drinking water treatment

Chemical characteristics of groundwater in Ardabil region, Iran

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