Geochemical History of Calcite Precipitation in Tertiary Sandstones, Northern Apennines, Italy

Milliken, Kitty L.; McBride, Earle F.; Cavazza, William; Cibin, U.; Fontana, Daniela; Picard, M. Dane; Zuffa, Gian Gaspare

doi:10.1002/9781444304893.ch10

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…In fact, it is noteworthy that d 18 O values between -5 to ?5 and ?5 to ?12 are typical of formation waters from sandstone and carbonate reservoirs, respectively (Morad et al 2003). Moreover, the presence of 18 O-enriched formation waters up to ?8% was inferred by the isotope analysis of carbonate cement in the Tertiary sandstones of the N-Apennine Foreland Basin (Milliken et al 1998). The d 18 O values of Salsomaggiore brines are very similar to those of the saline waters from the Mesozoic oilfield of Malossa (from ?13 to ?14%; Ricchiuto et al 1985) about 50 km north of Piacenza (Fig.…”

Section: Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotope Composition Of Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt Waters of the Northern Apennine Foredeep Basin (Italy): Origin and Evolution

et al. 2010

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The salt waters from the Emilia-Romagna sector of the Northern Apennine Foredeep have been investigated using major and trace element and stable isotope (d 2 H, d 18 O, d 37 Cl, d 81 Br and 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio). Ca, Mg, Na, K, Sr, Li, B, I, Br and SO 4 vs. Cl diagrams suggest the subaerial evaporation of seawater beyond gypsum and before halite precipitation as primary process to explain the brine's salinity, whereas saline to brackish waters were formed by mixing of evaporated seawater and water of meteoric origin. A diagenetic end-member may be a third component for mud volcanoes and some brackish waters. Salinization by dissolution of (Triassic) evaporites has been detected only in samples from the Tuscan side of the Apennines and/or interacting with the Tuscan Nappe. In comparison with the seawater evaporation path, Ca-Sr enrichment and Na-K-Mg depletion of the foredeep waters reveal the presence of secondary processes such as dolomitization-chloritization, zeolitization-albitization and illitization. Sulfate concentration, formerly buffered by gypsum-anhydrite deposition, is heavily lowered by bacterial and locally by thermochemical reduction during burial diagenesis. From an isotopic point of view, data of the water molecule confirm mixing between seawater and meteoric endmembers. Local 18 O-shift up to ?11% at Salsomaggiore is related to water-rock interaction at high temperature (&150°C) as confirmed by chemical (Mg, Li, Ca distribution) and isotopic (SO 4 -H 2 O) geothermometers. 37 Cl/ 35 Cl and 81 Br/ 79 Br ratios corroborate the Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (marine origin of the brines and evidence the diffusion of halogens from the deepest and most saline aquifers toward the surface. The 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio suggests a Miocene origin of Sr and rule out the hypothesis of a Triassic provenance of the dissolved components for the analyzed waters issuing from the Emilia-Romagna sector of the foredeep. Waters issuing from the Tuscan side of the Apennines and from the Marche sector of the foredeep show higher 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios because of the interaction with siliciclastic rocks.

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Section: Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotope Composition Of Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt Waters of the Northern Apennine Foredeep Basin (Italy): Origin and Evolution

et al. 2010

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“…Nucleation and growth of concretions occur over a broad range of depths in the subsurface, from near the sediment water interface (e.g., Raiswell and Fisher, 2000 and discussions therein) to depths 3-4 km or more (e.g., Milliken et al, 1998). Internally, concretions typically manifest complex growth zonations that may arise from either a concentric or complex/pervasive growth mechanism (Mozley, 1996;Raiswell and Fisher, 2000;Hounslow, 2001;Mozley and Davis, 2005).…”

Section: Previous Concretion Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phyllosilicate orientation demonstrates early timing of compactional stabilization in calcite-cemented concretions in the Barnett Shale (Late Mississippian), Fort Worth Basin, Texas (U.S.A)

Day-Stirrat

Milliken

Hillier³

et al. 2008

Sedimentary Geology

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“…Little quantitative information is available in the literature on the distribution of calcite concretions in deltaic sandstones, so it is difficult to know whether the Frewens cement distribution is characteristic or how widely this model can be applied to other sandstones. Many excellent investigations of calcite concretions have been published recently (for example, Bjørkum and Walderhaug, 1990a, b;Wilkinson, 1991;McBride et al, 1995;Taylor et al, 1995Taylor et al, , 2000Milliken et al, 1998;Walderhaug and Bjørkum, 1998;Klein et al, 1999), but most researchers focused on the origin of the calcite cement rather than on quantitative data that can be used to predict low-permeability cement bodies in reservoir models. In addition, most of these studies have been of shallow-marine and shoreface deposits or turbidites, in which the concretions grew by diffusion from an internal source of biogenetic carbonate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcite cement distribution and its effect on fluid flow in a deltaic sandstone, Frontier Formation, Wyoming

D.¹

2002

Bulletin

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A B S T R A C TPrecipitation of extensive calcite cement during burial diagenesis can strongly modify the depositional permeability of a sandstone reservoir and affect fluid flow during production. To predict subsurface flow through cemented reservoirs, permeability distributions used in fluid-flow models must reflect this diagenetic overprint. Calcite cements in sandstones commonly occur as irregularly distributed concretions, which makes it difficult to predict diagenetic permeability modifications in the subsurface from typically spaced wells. Outcrops can provide a continuous image of heterogeneity produced by concretionary calcite cements.The size and distribution of calcite concretions were mapped in outcrops of the Frewens sandstone, Frontier Formation, in central Wyoming. Large, tabular calcite concretions in this deltaic sandstone generally follow basinward-inclined bedding. Median thickness of the concretions is 0.6 m, length is 4.2 m, and width is 5.3 m. The highest cement fraction is in the high-permeability facies at the top of the sandstone body. Concretion centers are approximately Poisson distributed within the sandstone. The upward-increasing cement fraction is caused by upward-increasing concretion size. Lateral variation in the fraction of the sandstone cemented by calcite has a normal distribution, with a mean of 12% (r ‫ס‬ 5%).Spatial distribution of calcite cement in the Frewens sandstone was modeled using indicator geostatistics. Variograms were inferred from outcrop maps of cement. Indicator semivariograms of cement have a range of 30 m horizontally and 2.5 m vertically, dimensions that correspond approximately to the size of the largest concretions. Stochastic images of cement were created using indicator simulation with vertically varying cement proportion.Flow models indicate that concretions make flow paths more tortuous and retard flow in the coarser facies near the top of the sandstone. The fastest path through the sandstone is in the lightly Shirley P. Dutton received a B.A. degree from the University of Rochester and an M.A. degree and Ph.D. from the University of Texas at Austin, all in geology. She is a senior research scientist at the Bureau of Economic Geology. Her research focuses mainly on sedimentology, sedimentary petrology, and clastic diagenesis, particularly the effect of diagenesis on reservoir quality.

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Geochemical History of Calcite Precipitation in Tertiary Sandstones, Northern Apennines, Italy

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Salt Waters of the Northern Apennine Foredeep Basin (Italy): Origin and Evolution

Salt Waters of the Northern Apennine Foredeep Basin (Italy): Origin and Evolution

Phyllosilicate orientation demonstrates early timing of compactional stabilization in calcite-cemented concretions in the Barnett Shale (Late Mississippian), Fort Worth Basin, Texas (U.S.A)

Calcite cement distribution and its effect on fluid flow in a deltaic sandstone, Frontier Formation, Wyoming

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