Geochemical fluxes and weathering of volcanic terrains on high standing islands: Taranaki and Manawatu-Wanganui regions of New Zealand

Goldsmith, Steven T.; Carey, Anne E.; Lyons, W. Berry; Hicks, D. Murray

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2007.12.024

Cited by 50 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…Correction methods used by the individual authors typically rely on ratios of Ca-Na and Mg-Na (Gaillardet et al, 1999b). Data are from multiple sources (Carey et al, 2006;Gabet et al, 2010;Gaillardet et al, 1997;Gaillardet et al, 1999b;Gibbs, 1967;Goldsmith et al, 2008;Grove, 1972;Guyot et al, 1996;Hartmann and Moosdorf, 2011;Li et al, 1984;Lyons et al, 2005;Moquet et al, 2011;Mortatti and Probst, 2003;Qin et al, 2006;Schaller et al, 2001;Wolff-Boenisch et al, 2009). 8 Silicate weathering fluxes from volcanic lithologies, corrected for atmospheric and, where possible, for hydrothermal inputs (Gaillardet et al, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…8 Silicate weathering fluxes from volcanic lithologies, corrected for atmospheric and, where possible, for hydrothermal inputs (Gaillardet et al, 2011). Data are from multiple sources (Dessert et al, 2001;Dessert et al, 2009;Gaillardet et al, 2011;Goldsmith et al, 2010;Goldsmith et al, 2008;Hartmann and Moosdorf, 2011;Jones et al, 2010;Louvat and Allegre, 1998;Louvat et al, 2008;Lyons et al, 2005;Pokrovsky et al, 2005;Schopka et al, 2011). 9 Same as (7) but omitting the 79 samples from the Philippines that were heavily weighted in the volcanic dataset due to their large number (Schopka et al, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Soils as pacemakers and limiters of global silicate weathering

Dixon

Blanckenburg

2012

Comptes Rendus. Géoscience

127

154

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The weathering and erosion processes that produce and destroy regolith are widely recognized to be positively correlated across diverse landscapes. However, conceptual and numerical models predict some limits to this relationship that remain largely untested. Using new global data compilations of soil production and weathering rates from cosmogenic nuclides and silicate weathering fluxes from global rivers, we show that the weatheringerosion relationship is capped by certain 'speed limits'. We estimate a soil production speed limit of between 320 to 450 t km -2 y -1 and the associated weathering rate speed limit of roughly 150 t km -2 y -1. These limits appear to be valid for a range of lithologies, and also extend to mountain belts, where soil cover is not continuous and erosion rates outpace soil production. We argue that the presence of soil and regolith is a requirement for high weathering fluxes from a landscape, and that rapidly eroding, active mountain belts are not the most efficient sites for weathering. . Ces limites semblent être valides pour une large gamme de roches-mères, et s'appliquent aussi aux zones montagneuses, où les sols ne recouvrent pas toute la surface et où les taux d'érosion dépassent ceux de la production du sol. Nous avançons que la présence d'un sol est un prérequis pour qu'un paysage exporte de fort flux d'altération, et que les chaînes de montagne actives présentant de forts taux d'érosion ne sont pas les sites les plus efficaces pour l'altération.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Soils as pacemakers and limiters of global silicate weathering

Dixon

Blanckenburg

2012

Comptes Rendus. Géoscience

127

154

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“…The tropical rainforest coast of Australia behaves in a similar manner to high standing islands (HSI) in island Southeast Asia and the Pacific. HSI are characterized by rapidly flowing short streams and rivers with steep gradients, and are subject to frequent and intense precipitation events (Goldsmith et al 2008). Flood pulse duration in HSI is often measured in hours or days, as opposed to larger, shallow-gradient catchments, often measured in weeks or months.…”

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Fluvial dynamics of dissolved and particulate organic carbon during periodic discharge events in a steep tropical rainforest catchment

Bass

Bird

Liddell

et al. 2011

Limnology & Oceanography

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In small catchments with rapid flood pulses, detailed temporal data are essential because high-discharge events can be measured in hours and days, rather than weeks and months. Using high-resolution (15 min) sampling, we studied the dynamics of aquatic dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC) export through episodic discharge events in a small pristine rainforest catchment in northeast Australia between November 2009 and March 2010. High temporal resolution using this instrumentation requires extensive calibration with concurrent field sampling. The concentration of DOC and POC peaked during times of high stream discharge, reflecting an increased mobilization of soil-water carbon stocks. DOC was the major form of organic carbon in the stream (, 70% of the total carbon export). The majority of total organic carbon exported from the catchment (84%) occurred during significant discharge events (discharge . 50 L s 21 ), which occurred only 9% of the time. Export of DOC and POC totaled 195 and 68 kg km 22 month 21 , respectively, with a DOC : POC ratio of 2.9 6 0.9. If this subcatchment was sampled at weekly intervals the lateral export of carbon would have been underestimated by between 49% and 78% for DOC and POC, respectively. Preliminary d 13 C and molar C : N values of the dissolved and particulate matter suggest that during discharge events, less microbially processed material from the upper soil layers dominated organic matter export, with the opposite being true in nonflood conditions. Not only will the quantities of organic matter exported change in different discharge conditions, but the source and quality may also shift. This study reveals that a field-portable instrument for DOC and POC quantification can yield robust, high-temporal-resolution carbon budget estimates, though detailed, site-specific calibration is essential.

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“…Magi'X Pro Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer following the methods described in Goldsmith et al (2008) (Table 1). Small subsamples of the solid phase material were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy.…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Solid Phase Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estimates based on river water chemistry suggest weathering of basaltic terrains, in particular island and island arc systems, accounts for approximately a third of the solute flux to the oceans, and therefore represents a large sink for atmospheric CO 2 . However, recent work from the Taranaki region in New Zealand (Goldsmith et al, 2008), the islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe (Rad et al, 2006), the island of Dominica (Goldsmith http et al, 2010), and portions of the Philippines (Schopka et al, 2011) shows comparable weathering rates based on stream water chemistry for areas draining andesitic terrains. The highest weathering rates on these High Standing Islands (HSI's) have been attributed to material that is poorly crystalline or geologically younger in age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%