Geochemical Exploration Reference Samples Gxr‐1 to Gxr‐4 and Gxr‐6: Evaluation of Homogeneity Based on High Precision Analyses

Kane, Jean S.; Siems, D.F.; Arbogast, B.F.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-908x.1992.tb00486.x

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…According to a study performed by Kane et al (1992), the GXR set of reference materials should be 1 1 0 Table 6. Results (first rows) for selected "difficult" elements in reference materials compared to recommended or certified values (mg kg -1 ) used with caution because distinct heterogeneities were detected for some major, minor and trace constituents.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results (first rows) for selected "difficult" elements in reference materials compared to recommended or certified values (mg kg -1 ) used with caution because distinct heterogeneities were detected for some major, minor and trace constituents. Kane et al (1992) also commented that the GXR series is useful because of the unique concentration ranges for many trace elements and sample matrices. In the present work, these RMs were analysed because they represent uncommon soils and sediments, i.e., with anomalous concentrations of one or more trace elements (the focus of this study).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Analysis of Sediments and Soils by X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Using Matrix Corrections Based on Fundamental Parameters

Enzweiler¹,

Vendemiatto²

2004

Geostandard Geoanalytic Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (WD‐XRF) is widely used for the analysis of soils and sediments using well characterised procedures. However, difficulties can occur with samples such as unknowns containing small amounts of ore materials and samples collected from contaminated sites where trace elemental concentrations can exceed the concentration range for routine analysis. We studied the performance of a commercially available method, based on fundamental parameters (FP) to correct matrix effects. The spectrometer was originally calibrated with elemental or simple compound calibrants. Samples were analysed as pressed powder pellets. Eighteen sediment and soil reference materials, three of them with certified values for some of their constituents, were used to evaluate accuracy, by comparing results with recommended values and their standard deviations (RV ± 2s) or certified values and their confidence intervals (CV ± Cl). When results fell systematically outside these intervals, calibrations were refined with geochemical reference materials. The best agreement of results with recommended and certified values was obtained when the contents of H2O and C in each sample were included as matrix constituents during calculations. The detection limits of trace elements tended to be relatively high, because the measuring conditions employed were not maximised for sensitivity. The main advantage of the method tested was that it enabled the analysis of samples with high concentrations of trace elements and the determination of elements such as F, Bi, Sb and W, which are not commonly included in quantitative XRF analysis of geological samples.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Sediments and Soils by X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Using Matrix Corrections Based on Fundamental Parameters

Enzweiler¹,

Vendemiatto²

2004

Geostandard Geoanalytic Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, samples found to be homogeneous under present techniques may be inhomogeneous in the future (Kane 1992). All reference materials are designed to be used for a long time (typically ten years or longer), whereas the development of modern analytical techniques is very rapid.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Homogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All reference materials are designed to be used for a long time (typically ten years or longer), whereas the development of modern analytical techniques is very rapid. Therefore, samples found to be homogeneous under present techniques may be inhomogeneous in the future (Kane 1992). In view of the complexity of any description of homogeneity, we propose that homogeneity should be assessed by comparing the "sample uncertainty" (resulting from the inhomogeneity of sample itself) with the "measurement uncertainty" of the test method.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Homogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations into the Preparation of Ultra‐Fine Particle Size Geochemical Reference Materials

Wang

Gao

Wang

et al. 2004

Geostandard Geoanalytic Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although over recent years, sensitivity and precision of modern analytical techniques have continuously improved, traditional analytical specification for the particle size of samples has remained at 74 μm (‐200 mesh). For this reason, the uncertainty caused by inhomogeneity in test portions of the sample itself has become a more and more significant contribution to the total analytical uncertainty. Therefore, to reduce this total uncertainty, the first step is to improve the homogeneity by reducing the particle size of a sample. For this purpose, we have investigated a method for the preparation of ultra‐fine reference materials. Using the modern ultra‐fine crushing technique (jet mill), six marine sediment samples MSAn and MSCS‐1 to 5 were prepared and the particle distributions of these samples were measured using a laser particle‐analyser. The average particle size of these samples was 4–5 (im and the largest particle size was less than 30 (im. MSAn will be used as the sample for a future GeoPT(tm) proficiency testing round and MSCS‐1 to 5 will be prepared as reference materials. All geochemical laboratories are welcome to participate in this co‐operative research programme. The processing and use of ultra‐fine samples (< 30 μm) will have a significant influence on the future development of geoanalytical techniques as a consequence of the potential reduction in the mass of test portion and the development of new geoanalytical systems.

show abstract

“…Therefore, the development of satisfactory procedures for the sample preparation of reference materials (to be discussed later) has an important effect on the quality of the sample and its use in evaluating improvements in measuring methods. It is also important to quantify the degree of homogeneity, or at least give the uncertainty level of the measuring methods (Kane et al 1992). The methods used to estimate the maximum uncertainty associated with heterogeneity for each constituent based on grain size and mineral composition, proposed by Berkovits et al (1990), seems ideal.…”

Section: Gsms-2 Gsms-3mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Preliminary Study on the Preparation of Four Pacific Ocean Polymetallic Nodule and Sediment Reference Materials: GSPN‐2, GSPN‐3, GSMS‐2 and GSMS‐3

Wang¹,

Luo²,

Gao³

et al. 1998

Geostandards Newsletter

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The research project for the preparation of two polymetallic nodule (GSPN‐2, GSPN‐3) and two marine sediment (GSMS‐2, GSMS‐3) reference materials was completed in 1996. The samples were collected from the Eastern and Central Pacific Ocean and prepared to less than 74 μm fine powder. The homogeneity of the materials was tested by X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry. The relative standard deviations (RSD %) of measurements of selected elements in samples taken from thirty bottles selected at random were less than 0.5%. Thirty four laboratories worldwide participated in the collaborative analysis programme. The number of elements or constituents analysed was seventy nine for nodules and eighty one for sediments. Among those, sixty three elements were certified in each sample. The sum of major elements or components is 99.7% for GSPN‐2, 99.5% for GSPN‐3, 99.8% for GSMS‐2 and 99.8% for GSMS‐3.

show abstract

Geochemical Exploration Reference Samples Gxr‐1 to Gxr‐4 and Gxr‐6: Evaluation of Homogeneity Based on High Precision Analyses

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Analysis of Sediments and Soils by X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Using Matrix Corrections Based on Fundamental Parameters

Analysis of Sediments and Soils by X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry Using Matrix Corrections Based on Fundamental Parameters

Investigations into the Preparation of Ultra‐Fine Particle Size Geochemical Reference Materials

A Preliminary Study on the Preparation of Four Pacific Ocean Polymetallic Nodule and Sediment Reference Materials: GSPN‐2, GSPN‐3, GSMS‐2 and GSMS‐3

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About