Geochemical evaluation of CO 2 injection and containment in a depleted gas field

Tambach, Tim J.; Koenen, M.; Wasch, L.J.; Bergen, F. van

doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2014.10.005

Cited by 43 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…In this respect, carbonation of cement can be seen as favorable for CO 2 containment as further CO 2 diffusion is hampered. As previously shown, the reactivity of cement consumes CO 2 which reduces the diffusion of CO 2 into the cement with a factor of ten . Our study showed that higher temperatures increase this effect.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…However, the outer calcite dissolution zone was not predicted with the base case model set‐up since we assume closed boundary conditions. This does not allow for material transport out of the model as previously discussed in Tambach et al . We tested the sensitivity of cement alteration to open boundary conditions, allowing diffusion of elements out of the cement into a continuously replenished solution, mimicking flow or a large quantity of brine at the cement interface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Th is does not allow for material transport out of the model as previously discussed in Tambach et al . 23 We tested the sensitivity of cement alteration to open boundary conditions, allowing diff usion of elements out of the cement into a continuously replenished solution, mimicking fl ow or a large quantity of brine at the cement interface. Th e model does show calcite dissolution and a porosity increase at the cement rim, suggesting that fl ow is required for cement leaching and associated cement degradation to occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From this list we selected calcite, gibbsite, dolomite and ferrihydrite as secondary minerals (excluding slow reacting clays, zeolites and metamorphic/magmatic minerals). Detailed reactions of the cement phases and their secondary minerals were reported in Tambach et al . Unlike other reactions, the C‐S‐H reaction to amorphous silica does not involve dissolution and precipitation, but is defined in the PHREEQC model by calcium leaching from the crystal structure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed reactions of the cement phases and their secondary minerals were reported in Tambach et al . 23 Unlike other reactions, the C-S-H reaction to amorphous silica does not involve dissolution and precipitation, but is defi ned in the PHREEQC model by calcium leaching from the crystal structure. CSH_1.6 is directly transferred to CSH_1.2 and calcite:…”

Section: Simulation Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity of chemical cement alteration – modeling the effect of parameter uncertainty and varying subsurface conditions

et al. 2015

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To ensure the safety of a CO 2 storage site and containment of CO 2 in the subsurface, the integrity of wellbore materials must be maintained. Field and laboratory studies have shown CO 2 -induced reactivity of wellbore cement, but these results have to be extrapolated to the extended time span of CO 2 storage. Geochemical modeling provides a tool for the prediction of cement alteration; however, large uncertainties in input parameters exist and signifi cant variation in subsurface conditions is expected. This asks for a systematic investigation of the sensitivity of modeled cement alteration towards these factors. In this paper we report PHREEQC simulations of CO 2 diffusion into cement and subsequent chemical reactions. The sensitivity of cement alteration toward reaction rates, initial porosity, temperature/mineralogy and fl ow/no fl ow conditions were investigated. The base case model indicated that intact cement and tight interfaces between the reservoir and the cement would yield less than 1% porosity change after 300 days of diffusion. For porosity increase or degradation to occur at the cement interface, leaching/fl ow along the wellbore was required. The sensitivity scenarios yield CO 2 penetration depths between 0.3 cm and 1.4 cm after 300 days of diffusion. The maximum was reached for the high porosity (fast diffusion) scenario that facilitates CO 2 transport through the cement matrix. The minimum CO 2 penetration was for enhanced calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) decalcifi cation, which increases calcite precipitation, CO 2 consumption, and hence decelerates CO 2 penetration. This is related to high temperatures (and more crystalline C-S-H) or to higher kinetic rate constants used.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simulation Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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