Geochemical distribution and threshold values determination of heavy metals in stream water in the sub-basins of Vermelho and Sororó rivers, Itacaiúnas River watershed, Eastern Amazon, Brazil

Salomão, Gabriel Negreiros; Dall’Agnol, Roberto; Sahoo, Prafulla Kumar; Júnior, Jair da Silva Ferreira; Silva, Marcio Sousa da; Filho, Pedro Walfir Martins e Souza; Berrêdo, José Francisco; Nascimento, Wilson R.; Costa, Marlene Furtado da

doi:10.21715/gb2358-2812.2018322180

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, for sustainable mining, adequate conservation strategies need to be implemented properly, and scientific research is a key aspect of this process. Heavy-metal pollution in water from iron ore exploitation has not yet been detected in the Carajás region [53]. The proper determination of areas outside the Carajás region to be protected as offsets may represent an important tool for the protection of species in the region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping and quantification of ferruginous outcrop savannas in the Brazilian Amazon: A challenge for biodiversity conservation

et al. 2019

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The eastern Brazilian Amazon contains many isolated ferruginous savanna ecosystem patches (locally known as ‘canga vegetation’) located on ironstone rocky outcrops on the top of plateaus and ridges, surrounded by tropical rainforests. In the Carajás Mineral Province (CMP), these outcrops contain large iron ore reserves that have been exploited by opencast mining since the 1980s. The canga vegetation is particularly impacted by mining, since the iron ores that occur are associated with this type of vegetation and currently, little is known regarding the extent of canga vegetation patches before mining activities began. This information is important for quantifying the impact of mining, in addition to helping plan conservation programmes. Here, land cover changes of the Canga area in the CMP are evaluated by estimating the pre-mining area of canga patches and comparing it to the actual extent of canga patches. We mapped canga vegetation using geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) from 1973 Landsat-1 MSS, 1984 and 2001 Landsat-5 TM, and 2016 Landsat-8 OLI images, and found that canga vegetation originally occupied an area of 144.2 km2 before mining exploitation. By 2016, 19.6% of the canga area was lost in the CMP due to conversion to other land-use types (mining areas, pasturelands). In the Carajás National Forest (CNF), located within the CMP, the original canga vegetation covered 105.2 km2 (2.55% of the CNF total area), and in 2016, canga vegetation occupied an area of 77.2 km2 (1.87%). Therefore, after more than three decades of mineral exploitation, less than 20% of the total canga area was lost. Currently, 21% of the canga area in the CMP is protected by the Campos Ferruginosos National Park. By documenting the initial extent of canga vegetation in the eastern Amazon and the extent to which it has been lost due to mining operations, the results of this work are the first step towards conserving this ecosystem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping and quantification of ferruginous outcrop savannas in the Brazilian Amazon: A challenge for biodiversity conservation

et al. 2019

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“…The present topic summarizes the main data processing and statistical treatment of surface water (Salomão et al 2018, Sahoo et al 2019b, soil (Sahoo et al 2020a(Sahoo et al , 2020b, and stream sediments (Salomão et al 2019(Salomão et al , 2020 geochemical data used in the ItacGMBP. It is important to highlight that these methods are standard procedures widely used by various researchers (Reimann et al 2005, Reimann and.…”

Section: General Aspects On Data Processing and Statistical Treatment...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). In Brazil, we highlight the studies carried out in the Carajás Mineral Province in the State of Pará (Sahoo et al 2019a, 2019b, Salomão et al 2018, 2019 and in the Iron Quadrangle region in the state of Minas Gerais (Costa et al 2015a, Larizzatti et al 2018, where the largest and oldest mineral provinces in Brazil are located.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological approach and general guidelines to geochemical mapping and background-baseline analysis for environmental assessment: a case study in the Carajás Mineral Province, Brazil

et al. 2022

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We present this manuscript as a methodological approach and general guidelines for geochemical mapping and background/baseline projects for environmental assessment in tropical areas. A case study was carried out in the Itacaiúnas River watershed (IRW), Eastern Amazon, to fill in a gap in knowledge on the distribution of chemical elements, particularly those potentially toxic, in the near-surface environment of the area. The high-impact results of this research project revealed the need for similar scientific investigation across the globe with the implementation of a systematic methodology. The study shows, for example, the importance of well-planned field activities, multi-medium sampling, analytical methods, laboratory procedures, database construction, and general aspects of data processing and statistical treatment. The importance of this contribution is that it can be used as a reference in support of geospatial analysis in research within the scope of geochemical mapping and background-baseline projects. The database is accessible through a web-based geographic information system front-end; a Geochemical Atlas of the IRW will be available as soon as possible.

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“…Therefore, understanding and quantifying the impacts of land use and land cover variation on hydrological responses is important for devising strategies to manage water resources and land use and resolve conflicts over the use of water resources, especially in areas where the water supply is limited during the dry season (Kumar et al, 2019). This assertion establishes a hydrological paradox associated with the paradigm that in the Amazonian environment, one of the largest water sources on the planet, despite the high precipitation rates, many rivers and water bodies, such as the Itacaiúnas River Watershed (IRW), have intermittent regimes, reduced water storage capacity, and lack of watershed regulation (Iriondo and Latrubesse, 1994;Alves and Beserra Neta, 2018;Salomão et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Water Balance Components to Changes in Soil Use and Vegetation Cover Over Three Decades in the Eastern Amazon

et al. 2021

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Impacts on global water resources may be intensifying due to the growing and differentiated forms of land use and occupation, which influence the water cycle and thus the maintenance of life. In the Amazon, the effect may be even worse, as it is one of the world's most vulnerable regions to these changes. This work aimed to analyze the response of the components of the water balance to changes in land use and cover in the Eastern Amazon over three decades (1980–2013). First, soil texture maps were prepared. These combined with the classes of use in each decade let us estimate the values of storage and variation in storage (ΔS) of water in the soil. The behavior of the components of the water balance [precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration (E), and ΔS] were analyzed according to the Budyko model on the annual scale as a function of the aridity and evaporative indices. For the seasonal scale, a new parameter (y0) was introduced to explicitly represent the additional water available for E, in addition to instantaneous precipitation. The seasonality of the rains and the seasonal dynamics of storage were directly incorporated into the model developed, which allowed us to understand what the dominant control factors of water balance are. In the decade from 2000 to 2009, the remaining forest cover is only 48.91%, while the cover formed by pasture is 50.47%, meaning the water storage capacity in the soil decreased 8.1%. In the 1990s, to 1999, precipitation shows a reduction, probably as a reflection of the very strong events of La Niña and El Niño (1988–1989 and 1997–1998). Observing the sum of the surface area of water bodies in the region and the relationship of forest vs. pasture, it is possible to infer that the elevation in evapotranspiration is more related to the increase in evaporation due to the increase in the pasture area than to the reduction transpiration due to forest loss, reinforcing the hypothesis that evapotranspiration increases with pasture area.

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Geochemical distribution and threshold values determination of heavy metals in stream water in the sub-basins of Vermelho and Sororó rivers, Itacaiúnas River watershed, Eastern Amazon, Brazil

Cited by 24 publications

References 29 publications

Mapping and quantification of ferruginous outcrop savannas in the Brazilian Amazon: A challenge for biodiversity conservation

Mapping and quantification of ferruginous outcrop savannas in the Brazilian Amazon: A challenge for biodiversity conservation

Methodological approach and general guidelines to geochemical mapping and background-baseline analysis for environmental assessment: a case study in the Carajás Mineral Province, Brazil

Response of Water Balance Components to Changes in Soil Use and Vegetation Cover Over Three Decades in the Eastern Amazon

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